Language Development

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Can a foetus perceive their mother's voice before they are even born?

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A study has shown that newborns show a preference for their ________ voice over others (DeCasper & Fifer, 1980)

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How long has it been shown for infants to show preferences for their father's voice (DeCasper & Prescott, 1984)?

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It has been shown that infants have a preference for "Cat in the Hat" over other phrases because of the specific speaker (the mother) and speech (Spence & DeCasper, 1982). Is this statement true or false?

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What are newborns learning when starting language development?

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How long does it take for infants to show perceptual narrowness in their native language (Kuhl, et al., 2005)?

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Is perceptual narrowing likely to be because of maturation?

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Kuhl (et al., 2003) had infants, whose parents were English, exposed to English or Mandarin. Did the children retain more phonemic discrimination at 12 months' old with English or Mandarin?

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At what point did the infants in Kuhl's (et al., 2003) study retain phonemic discrimination?

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The two language stages that all children go through are the and phases.

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How long is the pre-language phase for infants?

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How long is the early language phase for infants?

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In the pre-language phase for children, there is the phase, which last between 4-6 months.

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In the pre-language phase for children, there is the , which last for 7-12 months.

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Babbling is:

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Children babble ________ when adults talk to them (Bloom, 1988).

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It has been shown that deaf children growing up in a signing environment can also babble in sign. Is this statement true or false?

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In the beginning of the early language phase (10-12 months), an infant's first words are:

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In a lot of cases during the early language phase (10-12 months), infants will mismatch ________. For example, they could over-extend to generalise an object that is similar to something else, or over-restrict and only use it for specific instances.

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What are the two most common object names for infants during the early language phase?

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How long does it usually take for an infant to reach up to 30 words in their vocabulary?

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How many words does an 18-month infant typically know?

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By the time infants reach 18-22 months old, they have a vocabulary spurt and know up to ____ words.

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According to Landau (1994) the first few words of an infant are:

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- Interaction (Shipley, Kuhn & Madden, 1983) refers to when infants' words are made clear as to whether they are general or more specific. The words will either be corrected (eg, "No, this is a rabbit) or reaffirmed (eg, "Yes, this is a rabbit")

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(Gleitman, 1990) believes that infants use grammar to infer word meanings. In other words, semantics are tied to syntax.

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In some cases with syntactic bootstrapping, distinctions can be made between verbs that take an object (transitive) and those that do not (intransitive). Is this statement true or false?

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At what stage do infants move from gesture-word combinations to whole-word combinations?

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omits non-essential linking words.

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By what age are children masters at complex syntactic structures and grammatical rules?

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- speech is a productive way of improving an infant's vocabulary because of the slower rate of speech, higher intonation, and longer pauses. Keywords are emphasised with a higher and louder voice.

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________ refers to when parents socially-scaffold their children's language development by teaching them the cultural differences in their languages. This also has a positive effect on their development.

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Parents of deaf children don't use sign language, but rather lip-reading. This is known as:

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Language is specifically understood and developed by humans only. Is this statement true or false?

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At what point do children tend to start making more syntactic errors?

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Some believe that the syntactic errors that children make as they grow older is evidence for an innate - system.

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The theory of an underlying grammar-learning system attempting to find rules for all words has been disproved. This is because parents correct factual and grammatical errors in their children. Is this statement true or false?

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________, a behaviourist, believed that children learn language through a number of ways; imitation, trial-and-error, and rewards and punishment. He furthered his stance with the operant conditioning model (1957)

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________'s approach to language development was universalist and believed that there are grounded aspects of language that we are predisposed to. He believes that language and thought are separate, and furthers his stance with the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) (1965)

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________ posits that there are core features in all languages, however, children pick up the grammatical rules of their own languages dependent on where they are from. For example, syntactic planning will differ between English, Chinese, Arabic, and Serbian people.

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(Tick the boxes that apply). The issue with the behaviourist approach to syntactic learning is that:

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The lateralisation of language, according to Chomsky, resides in which brain hemisphere?

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Does lateralisation develop before or after birth?

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What happens if an individual were to suffer brain damage to their left hemisphere?

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When is the critical period for learning, according to Lennenberg (1967)?

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The effects of language deprivation in a child's development are:

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In 1970, a 13-year-old girl named Genie was discovered in Los Angeles (CA). She was severely malnourished and told not to speak or make any noise. Did she ever develop her grammatical competency?

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Those with ASL are poorer with language when exposed to it late because of:

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Immigrants who try to learn the languages of their new countries are ________ to adapt, regardless of their educational level.

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What is speech perception driven by?

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According to Vihman (1996), do children apply systematic strategies to challenging words so that they fit with what they can capably pronounce?

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There are cultural variations in children's errors in languages. For example, Chinese children master their tone system by 2 years old (So & Dodd, 1995). Do Cantonese children develop more quickly than English-speaking children?

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Is the maturation of the vocal tract modifiable by socialisation (eg, parental development) or is it resistant to correction?

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According to Tincoff and Jusczyk (1999), when 6-month olds listened to the words "mommy" and "daddy" whilst watching side-by-side videos, did they pay attention more to the named parent?

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According to Bloom (1998), by 6 years old children know how many words?

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Does comprehension shape a child's language development?

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In their first 50 words, do infants prefer still or moving objects?

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Does imitation help to stimulate vocabulary growth for infants?

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Researchers have discovered that children can connect a new word with an underlying concept after only a brief encounter. This is called:

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Do toddlers take time to become acquainted with fast-mapping, according to Swingley (2010)?

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According to Fenson (et al., 1994), who is slightly ahead in early vocabulary growth?

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According to Berk, is the explanation for girls' rapid vocabulary growth because of their faster physical maturation and the promotion of development of the left cerebral hemisphere?

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According to Salley and Dixon (2007), are temperamentally negative toddlers slower or faster at vocabulary acquisition?

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According to Spere (et al., 2004), do shy toddlers remain behind or further ahead those around them in their preschool years for language development?

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Do parents tend to talk to toddler-age girls or boys?

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Do parents converse less or more with shy children according to research (Leaper, Anderson, Sanders, 1998; Patterson & Fisher, 2002)?

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According to Hoff (2006), do children from lower SES backgrounds have a smaller vocabulary?

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In Swedish, is the phonology easier or more difficult to discriminate? Is it harder to identify syllable and word boundaries?

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Do Mandarin Chinese parents present their children with many short words that are easy to pronounce?

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According to language development, referential style refers to:

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In language development, expressive style refers to:

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According to Bates (et al., 1994) do referential-style toddlers think words are for naming things, and expressive-style toddlers think words are for talking about people's feelings and needs?

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Has research found there to be cultural differences in language styles and acquisitions in cultures? For example, American mothers tend to use nouns for labelling, compared to Asian mothers that rely on group membership.

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In language development, underextensions refer to:

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In language development, overextensions refer to:

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Do children as young as 2 years old fill in for words that they have not learned yet? For example, instead of "gardener", they say "plant-man".

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Do preschoolers extend language meanings through metaphor? For example, Winner (1988) observed a 3-year-old describe a stomach ache as a "fire engine in my tummy".

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Do children benefit from engaging with expert speakers according to Weizman and Snow (2001)?

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By 5 or 6 years old, can children add new words to their vocabulary by simply being given a definition? Does their vocabulary become more organised and definitive?

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Has research shown adult feedback to help facilitate development? For example, "That's not a car. It's a truck. See, it has a place to put things in" (Chapman, Leonard & Mervis, 1986).

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Fast-mapping is supported by which store?

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According to Gathercole (et al., 1997) phonological memory is not the sole provider of word learning. Does this mean that semantic knowledge influences the speed with which children form phonological traces that affect vocabulary growth?

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In language development, mutual exclusivity bias refers to:

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According to Berk (2012), once toddlers have acquired roughly 75 words, they begin to illustrate a shape bias. This refers to:

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The emergentist coalition model (Golinkoff & Hirsh-Pasek, 2006) refers to:

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Telegraphic speech refers to:

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According to Lidz (2007), are children during their first word combinations more knowledgeable about grammar in comprehension or production?

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Dittmar (et al., 2008) suggested that infants were primed during the Gertner, Fisher, and Eisengart (2006) study in order to accurately answer the questions. When Chan (et al., 2010) replicated it, did children show preferences?

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According to Tomasello (2003) is there evidence to suggest that children younger than 3 years old perform poorly when asked to use newly-learned verb constructions in which they have not heard the verb used before?

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Studies have found that English-speaking preschoolers performed well on tests for subject-verb-object orders when:

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In the studies of English-speaking preschoolers and their grasp of subject-verb-object ordering, at what age according to Tomasello (2003, 2006) and Chan (et al., 2010) did children acquire new verbs?

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In language development, gramatical morphemes are:

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According to research, once children have acquired grammatical morphemes, they tend to commit to overegulisation. This is when children:

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Is the reason that children often overregulise sentences and show inconsistent patterns because they frequently hear irregular forms in adult speech and learn them as a result?

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According to researchers (Maratos, 2000; Elman, 2003), do irregular forms of words eventually win? Because of how children learn irregular words used by adults in normal conversations, and thus learn by rote?

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Do negations (eg, (1) nonexistence "All crackers gone", (2) rejection "No take bath!", and (3) denial "That's not my kitty!") appear in children? At what age, according to research (Clancy, 1985; Vaidyanathan, 1991; Tam & Stokes, 2001).

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In 2 and 3 year olds, the first negatives to appear are:

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In 2 and 3 year olds, the second negatives to appear are:

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In 2 and 3 year olds, the final negatives to appear are:

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In language development, semantic bootstrapping refers to:

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In language development, turnabout refers to:

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According to Wanska and Bedrosian (1985), shading refers to:

developental saved (Finsihed) Quiz sobre Language Development, criado por murat sertay em 15-08-2016.

Language Development

Can a foetus perceive their mother's voice before they are even born?

A study has shown that newborns show a preference for their ________ voice over others (DeCasper & Fifer, 1980)

How long has it been shown for infants to show preferences for their father's voice (DeCasper & Prescott, 1984)?

It has been shown that infants have a preference for "Cat in the Hat" over other phrases because of the specific speaker (the mother) and speech (Spence & DeCasper, 1982). Is this statement true or false?

What are newborns learning when starting language development?

How long does it take for infants to show perceptual narrowness in their native language (Kuhl, et al., 2005)?

Is perceptual narrowing likely to be because of maturation?

Kuhl (et al., 2003) had infants, whose parents were English, exposed to English or Mandarin. Did the children retain more phonemic discrimination at 12 months' old with English or Mandarin?

At what point did the infants in Kuhl's (et al., 2003) study retain phonemic discrimination?

The two language stages that all children go through are the and phases.

How long is the pre-language phase for infants?

How long is the early language phase for infants?

In the pre-language phase for children, there is the ________ ________ phase, which last between 4-6 months.

In the pre-language phase for children, there is the ________ ________ ________, which last for 7-12 months.

Babbling is:

Children babble ________ when adults talk to them (Bloom, 1988).

It has been shown that deaf children growing up in a signing environment can also babble in sign. Is this statement true or false?

In the beginning of the early language phase (10-12 months), an infant's first words are:

In a lot of cases during the early language phase (10-12 months), infants will mismatch ________. For example, they could over-extend to generalise an object that is similar to something else, or over-restrict and only use it for specific instances.

What are the two most common object names for infants during the early language phase?

In the pre-language phase for children, there is the phase, which last between 4-6 months.

In the pre-language phase for children, there is the , which last for 7-12 months.

- Interaction (Shipley, Kuhn & Madden, 1983) refers to when infants' words are made clear as to whether they are general or more specific. The words will either be corrected (eg, "No, this is a rabbit) or reaffirmed (eg, "Yes, this is a rabbit")

(Gleitman, 1990) believes that infants use grammar to infer word meanings. In other words, semantics are tied to syntax.

omits non-essential linking words.

- speech is a productive way of improving an infant's vocabulary because of the slower rate of speech, higher intonation, and longer pauses. Keywords are emphasised with a higher and louder voice.

Some believe that the syntactic errors that children make as they grow older is evidence for an innate - system.