When is autism its most severe according to Kanner (1943) and Asperger (1944)?
In infancy, adolescence
In adulthood
In elderly age
Is autism generally diagnosed before or after 30 months (2.5 years old)?
Before 30 months old
After 30 months old
Are there ethnic or socioeconomic differences in people with autism or Asperger's syndrome?
Yes
No
Do autistic people show indifference?
Do autistic people have a tendency to imitate their own and other people's words (echoliac)?
Do autistic people autistic people avoid eye contact?
Do autistic people play with other children?
Do autistic people lack creative (or pretend) play?
Do autistic people do everything well, or only some things very well?
Everything very well
Some things very well
Do autistic people talk incessantly about one particular topic?
In the original characterisation of autistic symptoms, there were a _____ of symptoms (Wing & Gould, 1979).
dyad
triad
quad
Highlight the three cognitive impairments involved in autism or Asperger's syndrome.
Social interaction
Communication
Imagination
Language
Perception
Rationalisation
Are autistic symptoms on a spectrum?
________ ________ ________ is a catch-all term in which to cast children who exhibit a certain number and severity of autistic traits.
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD-NOS) (Not otherwise specified)
Persistent Developmental Disorder (PDD-NOS) (Not otherwise specified)
Predilection Developmental Disorder (PDD-NOS) (Not otherwise specified)
Which end of the spectrum is Asperger's syndrome on, high or low?
High-end
Low-end
Kanner's autism is:
On the low-end, and a severe variation
On the high-end, and a lighter variation
Moderate, and features a multitude of variations
PDD-NOS is:
Severe, and on the low-end of the spectrum
Is moderate, and has different degrees of variability
Lighter, and on the higher end of the spectrum
High-functioning autism, or Asperger's syndrome is:
On the higher end, and has a variation of symptoms
In the middle, and has differing degrees of variability
Severe, and on the lower end of the spectrum
Are the causes of autism known?
The refrigerator mothers theory argues that autism is caused by a lack of maternal warmth. Is this theory correct?
Bad parenting (or maltreatment) has been found to impair Theory of Mind, but does it cause autism? Does it correlate to believe that children are autistic?
A Theory of Mind deficit refers to:
A lack of insight or understanding of mental states
A lack of ability to see higher-order relations
A Central Coherence deficit refers to:
A lack of insight or understanding into mental states
Do children with autism (CWAs) understand false belief?
Yes, but it takes a lot longer
No, they do not have a full understanding
According to Baron-Cohen, Leslie, and Frith (1985), do the children with autism (CWAs) who pass false belief tasks have a full understanding of Theory of Mind?
Yes, they do
No, because they still do not understand higher-order relations
Are the demands of higher-order relations tasks different from false belief tasks?
Research (Bowler, 1992; Bruner & Feldman, 1991; Happé, 1995) suggests that success on verbal false belief tasks for CWAs is:
Unusually conscious and logical (eg, "mental arithmetic"), may not reflect real understanding
Greatly advanced, and well beyond others who do not have autism
The deficits in autism in integration of information:
Are at different levels
Are at the same level
________ development of central coherence is drawing together diverse information to construct higher-level meaning.
Typical
Atypical
Is the Weak Central Coherence theory (Frith & Happé, 1994) capable of explaining some aspects of autism or all?
Only some aspects of autism
All aspects of autism
Do CWAs (or not) draw things into meaningful wholes, according to Shah and Frith (1983)?
They do not draw things into meaningful wholes
They do draw things into meaningful wholes
In the Shah and Frith (1983) study for Weak Central Coherence (Frith & Happé, 1994), CWAs are:
Preoccupied with individual parts of objects
Preoccupied with trying to gain others' attention
Weak central coherence has advantages when:
Only individual parts are required, rather than wholes
The whole needs to be considered
Weak central coherence has disadvantages when:
The whole needs consideration
Only individual parts require consideration
In the disambiguation of homographs (eg, "She had a pink bow," "She made a deep bow,") (Frith & Snowling, 1983), CWAs opted for:
Used the most frequent pronunciation (eg, single words)
The context to produce pronunciation (eg, sentence meanings)
Does the Theory of Mind hypothesis account well for the social and communication aspects of autism impairment?
Does the Central Coherence theory account for some aspects of the triad and non-triad features of autism, as well as the spiky IQ profile?