Infant Perceptual Development

Questão 1 de 80

1

Empiricists saw newborns as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Tabula rasa
Innately born with traits and characteristics
Shaped by their parents' traits and characteristics
Yet to be shaped by the social environment that they would live in

Explicação

Questão 2 de 80

1

Empiricists believe that children learn their behaviours, traits and characteristics, and don't inherit them. Is this true or false?

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 3 de 80

1

Nativists saw newborns as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Tabula rasa
Innately born with traits and characteristics
Yet to be shaped by the social environment in which they will live
Born with the traits and characteristics from their parents

Explicação

Questão 4 de 80

1

For infant children in their early perceptual development, sensation is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Exploring themselves and their environment with their senses
Exploring their own emotions and sensations from what they feel
Understanding how objects exist and the sensations that they get from interacting with them
All of the above
None of the above

Explicação

Questão 5 de 80

1

For infant children in their perceptual development, perception is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Interpretation through their brain's sensory input
What they see and can do with themselves to interact with it
Understanding the world that they inhabit

Explicação

Questão 6 de 80

1

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for an infant's sensory processing?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Explicação

Questão 7 de 80

1

When are infants' vision the least developed?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

At birth
At 2 months old
At 6 months old
At 12 months old
At 18 months old

Explicação

Questão 8 de 80

1

According to Fantz (1961) infants prefer:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Patterned shapes
Unpatterned shapes
Both
Neither

Explicação

Questão 9 de 80

1

According to Fantz, infants prefer:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Symmetrical lines
Assymetrical lines

Explicação

Questão 10 de 80

1

According to Fantz (1961), infants prefer:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Curved lines
Straight lines
Both
Neither

Explicação

Questão 11 de 80

1

Neonates can differentiate between different types of patterns. Is this true or false?

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 12 de 80

1

Habituation is when an infant stares at an object for a period of time. When they are bored, they look away. Is this true or false?

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 13 de 80

1

How long does it take for newborns to habituate to new stimuli?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Less than a minute
Between one and two minutes
Two minutes
Several minutes

Explicação

Questão 14 de 80

1

When infants reach around 4 or 5 months, their information processing reduces by how much?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

10 seconds
20 seconds
30 seconds
1 minute
2 minutes

Explicação

Questão 15 de 80

1

Why do newborns take longer, at 2 months old, to habituate?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Because they are cognitively slower than they have ever been
Because they are more easily distracted
Because there is less novelty about the stimuli that they are presented with
Their visual processing has improved significantly and there is more information to process

Explicação

Questão 16 de 80

1

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

In operant conditioning, reinforcement ( increases the chances of, decreases the chances of ) behavioural recurrence. Punishment ( reduces the chances of, improves the chances of ) behavioural recurrence.

Explicação

Questão 17 de 80

1

Rovee-Collier (1999) attached a mobile ribbon to a 3-month old baby's ankle during her research experiment. The baby quickly found out that by repeatedly kicking, the mobile would move.

What does this say about operant conditioning?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Infants understand operant conditioning before they are 6 months old. By kicking, it shows that, in context-dependent situations, they can perform behaviours relative to previous events
Her findings were inconclusive as they were too often found to be shown in some infants, but not in others
Infants still need a few more months before they can understand behaviours related to operant conditioning. Even when the baby kicked the first time, it didn't necessarily correlate to activating the mobile, context-dependent or otherwise
None of the above

Explicação

Questão 18 de 80

1

Rovee-Collier's (1999) research showed that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Babies can learn through their own behaviour quickly the consequences of their actions
Some babies can learn through their own behaviour quickly the consequences of their actions
Very few babies can obtain the understanding of operant conditioning as quickly as others, takes a longer time
She didn't find anything significant

Explicação

Questão 19 de 80

1

Which of the following areas of the eyes in babies is the least developed as they grow?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Fovea
Cone cells
Retina
Optic nerve
All of the above

Explicação

Questão 20 de 80

1

At what point do infants obtain vision comparable to adults?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Before 6 months old
Before 12 months old
At 2 years old
At 3 years old

Explicação

Questão 21 de 80

1

In pattern perception, infants only a few weeks old:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Focus on single, high contrast patterns and features
Focus on many, high contrast patterns and features
Focus on single, low contrast patterns and features
Focus on many, low contrast patterns and features

Explicação

Questão 22 de 80

1

A baby would be able to recognise their mother in their second day of life. However, would they be able to if her face was partially occluded?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes
No

Explicação

Questão 23 de 80

1

In facial recognition, one-month old infants will naturally focus on:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Facial edges (e.g. hair, chin)
Distinctive features (e.g. scars, blemishes)
All natural facial features

Explicação

Questão 24 de 80

1

In facial recognition, two-month-old infants will have had better contrast sensitivity and ocular-motor control. This means that they now focus on:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

The facial edges (e.g. hair, chin)
Distinctive features (e.g. scars, blemishes)
All parts of the face, particularly eyes and mouth

Explicação

Questão 25 de 80

1

At 3 weeks old, an infant's pattern perception:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Has poor contrast sensitivity and prefer large, simple patterns
Can detect detail in complex patterns and their internal features
Can detect patterns, even if boundaries are not present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Explicação

Questão 26 de 80

1

At 2 months old, an infant's pattern perception:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Has poor contrast sensitivity, and prefers large simple patterns
Can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan their internal features
Can detect boundaries in patterns, even if they are not really present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Explicação

Questão 27 de 80

1

At 4 months old, an infant's pattern perception:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Has poor contrast sensitivity and prefers large, simple patterns
Can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan them for internal features
Can detect pattern boundaries, even if they are not really present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Explicação

Questão 28 de 80

1

At 12 months old, an infant's pattern perception

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Has poor contrast sensitivity and prefers large, simple patterns
Can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan them for internal features
Can detect patterns even if the boundaries are not really present
Can detect objects, even if two-thirds of the image is missing

Explicação

Questão 29 de 80

1

A baby is presented with a standard, natural face, and a jumbled face. When the faces are moved across their visual fields, which do they follow longer?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

The normal face
The jumbled face

Explicação

Questão 30 de 80

1

Why, according to Morton and Johnson, might a baby follow a normal face for longer than one that is jumbled?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

They prefer, attentionally, those that are the same as them (evolutionary perspective)
They have been habituated to the stimuli for longer
They are just looking and not really paying too much attention
They want to know what happens next

Explicação

Questão 31 de 80

1

According to Farroni, Menon and Johnson (2006), what types of faces do babies prefer?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Faces with a direct gaze, upside-down
Faces with a direct gaze, the right way up
Faces looking away, upside down
Faces looking away, the right way up

Explicação

Questão 32 de 80

1

When presented with a visual cliff, would 6-month-old babies crawl to their mothers?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes
No

Explicação

Questão 33 de 80

1

For depth perception, one-month-old babies show sensitivity to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Kinetic cues
Binocular cues
Pictorial cues, wariness of height

Explicação

Questão 34 de 80

1

For depth perception, two to three-month-old babies show sensitivity to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Kinetic cues
Binocular cues
Pictorial cues, wariness of height

Explicação

Questão 35 de 80

1

For depth perception, five to 12-month-old babies show sensitivity to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Kinetic cues
Binocular cues
Pictorial cues, wariness of height

Explicação

Questão 36 de 80

1

Size constancy is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Perception of a true object's size
Perception of your own true size
Perception of the environment around you and its size at any time

Explicação

Questão 37 de 80

1

Shape constancy is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Perception of an object's true shape
Perception of your own true shape
Perception of the shape of the environment

Explicação

Questão 38 de 80

1

Slater (2001) found that newborns have an early understanding of size constancy. Is this true or false?

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 39 de 80

1

At what point do human children stop being at risk of the adverse effects of visual deprivation?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

2-4 years old
3-5 years old
4-6 years old
5-7 years old
7 years old and above

Explicação

Questão 40 de 80

1

Is visual perception in 1-month-old kittens permanent when deprived of light for only a few days? (Crair, Gillespie & Stryker, 1998)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes
No

Explicação

Questão 41 de 80

1

If visual deprivation in newborn children is left untreated for the first 6 months of life, the effects are permanent. Is this true or false?

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 42 de 80

1

When does the critical period of binocular functioning begin for newborns and peak?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

3 months - 1-2 years
5 months - 1-2 years
6 months - 1-2 years
Never

Explicação

Questão 43 de 80

1

In terms of perceptual vision, newborns:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Can see clearly close-up and across wide ranges
Cannot see clearly, but can across wide ranges
Can see clearly close-up, but not across wide ranges
Cannot see clearly or across wide ranges

Explicação

Questão 44 de 80

1

Is infant memory for operant responses context-dependent?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes
No

Explicação

Questão 45 de 80

1

Habituation refers to a gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation. Recovery refers to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Even greater reductions in the strength of a response
New stimuli (eg, a change in environment) causing for habituated responses to return at a high level

Explicação

Questão 46 de 80

1

Is infant learning, when assessed through habituation, context-dependent?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes
No

Explicação

Questão 47 de 80

1

According to research (Bartocci, et al., 2006; Slater, et al., 2010), do preterm and male babies show intense or relaxed activation of sensorimotor areas in the cerebral cortex?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Intense
Reduced

Explicação

Questão 48 de 80

1

According to research (Axelin, Salanterä & Lehtonen, 2006; Gormaly, et al., 2001), physical touch releases what painkilling chemicals in the brain?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Endorphins
Dopamine
Serotonin
ACh
ATP

Explicação

Questão 49 de 80

1

Allowing a baby to endure severe pain ________ the nervous system with stress hormones, which can disrupt a child's capacity to handle common everyday stressors (eg, sleep disturbances, feeding problems, difficulty calming down) (Mitchell & Boss, 2002).

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Overwhelms
Underwhelms

Explicação

Questão 50 de 80

1

An adult's soft caresses induces infants to be _____ attentive towards an adult's face (Stack & Muir, 1992).

Selecione uma das seguintes:

more
less

Explicação

Questão 51 de 80

1

Can babies readily learn to have positive responses to tastes that were previously neutral or negative (eg, bitter-tasting formula substitute to cow's milk that they are allergic to)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes
No

Explicação

Questão 52 de 80

1

Babies show early improvements in vision during their development stages. At 2 months old, they achieve ❌. At 6 months old they gain ❌. Then, at 6 or 7 months old, they obtain ❌.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

focus and colour vision

motion

stereopsis

acuity, scanning, and tracking

motion parallax

binocular disparity

depth perception

accommodation

paralysis

Explicação

Questão 53 de 80

1

There is a development of visual acuity in infants. At ❌, they can detect the contrast in Mickey Mouse's ear. At ❌, they have 20:80 visual acuity. At ❌, they develop full vision.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

3 months old

2 months old

1 month old

6 months old

5 months old

4 months old

3 years old

2 years old

4 years old

Explicação

Questão 54 de 80

1

As babies grow, cone cells in the retina:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Elongate
Shrink

Explicação

Questão 55 de 80

1

At ❌, babies have poor contrast sensitivity and prefer large, simple patterns. At ❌, they can detect the detail in complex patterns and scan for internal features of patterns. At ❌, they can detect patterns that may not really be there. And at ❌, they can detect objects even when two-thirds of the image are missing.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

3 weeks old

2 weeks old

A week old

2 months old

A month old

3 months old

4 months old

5 months old

6 months old

12 months old

18 months old

24 months old

Explicação

Questão 56 de 80

1

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

At birth, babies are sensitive to cues. Between 2 and 3 months old, they become sensitive to cues. Finally, as they reach a year old (5 - 12 months), they become sensitive to cues.

Explicação

Questão 57 de 80

1

Preencha os espaços em branco para completar o texto.

There are three cues that babies attend to in their depth perception development. The first is . The second is . The third are .

Explicação

Questão 58 de 80

1

In the first cue that babies begin to attend, at what point do they understand that 3D objects are not flat?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A month old
2 months old
3 months old

Explicação

Questão 59 de 80

1

According to Campos (et al., 2000), are infants more or less likely to refuse to cross the deep side of a visual cliff?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

More likely to refuse
Less likely to refuse

Explicação

Questão 60 de 80

1

According to research (Bai & Bertenthal, 1992; Campos, et al., 2000), who is better at remembering object locations and finding hidden objects?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Seasoned crawlers
Inexperienced crawlers

Explicação

Questão 61 de 80

1

According to Bell and Fox (1996), does crawling promote a new level of brain organisation, as indicated by more organised EEG brainwave activity in the cerebral cortex?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes, it does
No, it does not

Explicação

Questão 62 de 80

1

According to Banks and Ginsburg (1985), contrast refers to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

The difference in the amounts of light between adjacent regions in a pattern
The similarities of light between adjacent regions in a pattern

Explicação

Questão 63 de 80

1

Hatton (et al., 1997) observed infants with visual acuity issues (eg, 20/800) throughout their preschool years. They found that the infants:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Were far behind their peers in all areas of their development
Were much further behind their peers in only perceptual development, but fine everywhere else

Explicação

Questão 64 de 80

1

Research has found infants who have severe visual impairments also struggle with motor exploration and spatial understanding (Levtzion-Korach, et al., 2000). What do they have to rely on?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Sound
Parents
Friends

Explicação

Questão 65 de 80

1

Has research (eg, Preisler, 1991; Bigelow, 2003) found that infants who see poorly also struggle with caregiver interaction? Do they have difficulties reciprocating interactions?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

Explicação

Questão 66 de 80

1

Some have asserted that infant facial perception is due to a built-in capacity to orient towards members of one's own species (Johnson, 2001; Slater & Quinn, 2001). However, others suggest that this is because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

They prefer any stimulus in the periphery of their visual field (Cassia, Turati & Simon, 2004)
They are socially conditioned to believe that this is what they need to be observing (Jones, et al., 1996)

Explicação

Questão 67 de 80

1

When a baby is 2 months old, they can scan an entire stimulus and combine pattern elements into an organised whole. Because of this, can they recognise (and do they prefer) their mother's face to another woman's, according to Bartrip, Morton, and De Schonen (2001)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

Explicação

Questão 68 de 80

1

Do babies prefer their own race according to research (eg, Bar-Haim, et al., 2006; Kelley, et al., 2007)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes
No

Explicação

Questão 69 de 80

1

Can own-race preferences be erased according to Sangrigoli (et al., 2005)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes, they can
No, they cannot

Explicação

Questão 70 de 80

1

At first, do infants rely heavily on motion and spatial arrangement to identify objects, according to Jusczyk (et al., 1999) and Spelke and Hermer (1996)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes
No

Explicação

Questão 71 de 80

1

"As infants become more familiar with many objects and can integrate each object's diverse features into a unified whole, they rely more on shape, colour, and pattern and less on motion (Slater, et al., 2010)" (Berk, 2012, pp. 165). Is this true or false?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

It's true
It's false

Explicação

Questão 72 de 80

1

According to Johnson and Shuwairi (2009) does experience enhance a young infant's predictive eye tracking?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes, it does
No, it does not

Explicação

Questão 73 de 80

1

Novelty prefernece refers to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

The tendency to prefer paying attention to new objects or people that have never been seen before
The tendency to prefer paying attention to old objects that have been previously used

Explicação

Questão 74 de 80

1

According to Berk (2012), do infants from 4 to 11 months increasingly rely on featural information to detect the identity of an object?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

Explicação

Questão 75 de 80

1

At first, do infants attend to form (eg, size and shape) and then surface features (eg, pattern, colour) according to Woods and Wilcox (2009)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes, they do
No, they do not

Explicação

Questão 76 de 80

1

According to Berk (2012), intermodal perception is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Understanding our senses and perceiving them as a whole
Understanding our senses, and perceiving them as separate and individual

Explicação

Questão 77 de 80

1

According to Berk (2012), amodal sensory properties are:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Information that is not specific to a single modality, but overlaps with others
Information that is specific to single modality

Explicação

Questão 78 de 80

1

Newborns can recognise visual objects and distinguish them from others (Sann & Streri, 2007). However, do they only require on exposure to learn the association between the sight and sound of a toy, according to Morrongiello, Fenwick, and Chance (1998)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Yes, they do
No, they need more

Explicação

Questão 79 de 80

1

	Criado por um usuário excluído mais de 8 anos atrás

	Copiado por murat sertay mais de 8 anos atrás

developental saved Quiz sobre Infant Perceptual Development, criado por murat sertay em 15-08-2016.

Infant Perceptual Development

Questão 1 de 80

Empiricists saw newborns as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 2 de 80

Empiricists believe that children learn their behaviours, traits and characteristics, and don't inherit them. Is this true or false?

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 3 de 80

Nativists saw newborns as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 4 de 80

For infant children in their early perceptual development, sensation is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 5 de 80

For infant children in their perceptual development, perception is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 6 de 80

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for an infant's sensory processing?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 7 de 80

When are infants' vision the least developed?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 8 de 80

According to Fantz (1961) infants prefer:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 9 de 80

According to Fantz, infants prefer:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 10 de 80

According to Fantz (1961), infants prefer:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 11 de 80

Neonates can differentiate between different types of patterns. Is this true or false?

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 12 de 80

Habituation is when an infant stares at an object for a period of time. When they are bored, they look away. Is this true or false?

Selecione uma das opções:

Explicação

Questão 13 de 80

How long does it take for newborns to habituate to new stimuli?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 14 de 80

When infants reach around 4 or 5 months, their information processing reduces by how much?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 15 de 80

Why do newborns take longer, at 2 months old, to habituate?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 16 de 80

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

In operant conditioning, reinforcement increases the chances of decreases the chances of( increases the chances of, decreases the chances of ) behavioural recurrence. Punishment reduces the chances of improves the chances of( reduces the chances of, improves the chances of ) behavioural recurrence.

Explicação

Questão 17 de 80

Rovee-Collier (1999) attached a mobile ribbon to a 3-month old baby's ankle during her research experiment. The baby quickly found out that by repeatedly kicking, the mobile would move. What does this say about operant conditioning?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 18 de 80

Rovee-Collier's (1999) research showed that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 19 de 80

Which of the following areas of the eyes in babies is the least developed as they grow?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 20 de 80

At what point do infants obtain vision comparable to adults?

In operant conditioning, reinforcement ( increases the chances of, decreases the chances of ) behavioural recurrence. Punishment ( reduces the chances of, improves the chances of ) behavioural recurrence.

Rovee-Collier (1999) attached a mobile ribbon to a 3-month old baby's ankle during her research experiment. The baby quickly found out that by repeatedly kicking, the mobile would move.

What does this say about operant conditioning?