Which of the following describes F. Wood Jones' arboreal hypothesis for primate origins?
many primate adaptions are related to living in the trees.
the driving force behind the evolution of primates was the need to escape predators.
primate infants that are a different color from their parents will be easily spotted by predators unless they are in the trees.
The first fossil evidence of anthropoids is from which of the following epochs?
Miocene
Pleistocene
late Eocene/Oligocene
Pliocene
The great diversity of apes that lived during the Miocene is an example of which of the following?
Punctuated equilibrium
Adaptive radiation
The fixity of species
Anthropoid origins
According to the genetic-based modern classification of the apes the family Hominidae includes which of the following?
Orangutans only
Bipeds only
Chimps, gorillas, and bipeds correct
Chimps and gorillas only
The blades of the human pelvis have are repositioned so that which of the following muscles can act as abductors/stabilizers?
Greater gluteals
Hamstrings
Lesser gluteals
Quadriceps
Which of the following is true about the East African Rift Valley?
Fossils are poorly preserved
There are rarely associations among fossils
Absolute dating methods are not possible
Fossils are well preserved
Although molecular evidence suggests that prosimians diverged between 67 and 84 million years ago, the oldest prosimian fossils are about how old?
40 million years
50 million years
65 million years
20 million years
The epoch of the Cenozoic that directly follows the Miocene is which of the following?
Paleocene
Holocene
Eocene
The first fossil evidence of undoubted euprimates (i.e., true primates) was from which of the following epochs?
Adapids and omomyids were skeletally similar to which of the following?
living lemurs
living hominoids
living anthropoids
living cercopithecoids
The ring of bone that closes the lateral (i.e., outer side) of the orbit in the earliest primates and in prosimians is called which of the following?
vomer
orbital notch
facial ring
postorbital bar
Proconsul is characterized by which of the following?
no supraorbital torus (i.e., no brow ridge)
Y-pattern on molars
no tail
All of these choices
The fossil hominoid Sivapithecus from Asia had a skull that most closely resembles which of the following?
chimpanzees
gorillas
monkeys
orangutans
Which of the following fossil hominoids is thought to have weighed over 300 kilograms and eaten bamboo?
Dryopithecus
Gigantopithecus
Sivapithecus
Ouranopithecus
True or false? In the early Miocene there were more ape species in Africa than there were monkey species.
True or false? All hominins are bipedal.
In humans the lesser gluteals perform which of the following actions?
Extension of the hip
Abduction/stabilization of the hip
Flexion of the hip
True or false? The line of gravity in humans passes anterior to the spine.
True or false? The sacrum of a human is broader than that of a chimpanzee.
Stress placed on the human femoral neck during standing and bipedal walking causes the inferior (bottom) portion of the neck to have which type of bone in relation to the superior (top) portion?
thinner
thicker
When compared with the chimp pelvis, the human pelvis is what?
Shorter and wider
taller and more narrow
True or false? Africa's Great Rift Valley is a great place to find fossils because the volcanic activity in the area makes absolute dating possible.
Of the following Miocene apes, which has a pelvis that resembles the pelvis of Ardipithecus ramidus?
Pierolapithecus
Oreopithecus
The Kenya Paleontology Expedition (lead by Pickford and Senut) in the Tugen Hills is responsible for identifying which possible early hominin genus?
Sahelanthropus
Orrorin
Ardipithecus
A young Ethiopian scholar named Yohannes Haile-Selassie is known for discovering some of the oldest hominin fossils in the Afar Triangle, dating between 5.2 and 5.8 million years ago. These fossils have been assigned to which of the following species?
Ardipithecus kadabba
Sahelanthropus tchadensis
Orrorin tugenensis
True or false? Ardipithecus kadabba had a canine/P3 honing complex just like a chimpanzee.
wrote "Principles of Geology" and emphasized the principle of uniformitarianism?
Carolus Linnaeus held the belief that life forms could not and did not change. This came to be known as:
The Fixity of Species
The Great Chain of Being
Mutation
Of the following, who was the first to propose a mechanism by which species change known as the ‘Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics’?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Charles Lyell
Charles Darwin
Carolus Linnaeus
Analogous characters are similar because they:
are due to convergent evolution
are due to common ancestry
Homologous characters are similar because they:
Currently, non-human apes can be found on which continent?
