Combinatorial effects between alleles or substances

Effects in synthetic biology

An effect specific to a double mutation (not seen in the singles)

An effect specific to a mutation in combination with a SMI-small molecule inhibitor (not seen by either mutation or SMI alone)

C1 represses lambda's lysogenic genes, c2 activates int- and c1 transcription, c3 stabilizes c2

C1 represses lambda's lysogenic genes, c2 represses int- and c1 transcription, c3 destabilizes c2

C1 represses lambda's lytic genes, c2 activates int- and c1 transcription, c3 stabilizes c2

C1 represses lambda's lytic genes, c2 represses int- and c1 transcription, c3 destabilizes c2

The mechanism of gram+ and gram- DNA uptake is not related

Gram- bacteria possess an outer membrane requiring an additional pore for DNA uptake

Gram+ bacteria possess an outer membrane requiring an additional pore for DNA uptake

Gram+ and gram- bacteria have a pilus structure, a dsDNA receptor and an inner membrane pore in common

Genetic complementation between mutations in different genes does not require wild type alleles

Extragenic complementation is rare and requires mutations in different functional domains

Intragenic complementation is rare and depends on the presence of domains that function independently

Molecular complementation depends on addition of the wild gene

a is epistatic to locus b , if the double mutant (a,a/b,b) has the same phenotype as the single mutant (a,a)

a is epistatic to b, means: Pht(a,b)=Pht(a,B) .. (although Pht(A,b)≠Pht(A,B))

dominant : Pht(A,A)=Pht(a,A)

dominant relates alleles of 1 gene, epistatic relates an allele to another gene

A is dominant over a: Pht(a,A) = Pht(a,a)

a ncRNA is not encoded by a gene, because it is not translated

a centromere is not a gene, because it is not transcribed

a bacterial cistron is not a gene, because it contains several functional units

a gene is a functional unit in the genome, activated by transcription while an allele is a sequence variant of a
gene

a bacterial operon is not a gene, because it contains several functional units

According to Popper’s critical rationalism (P.c.r), a Sc.Hyp can’t be claimed true, without evidence

According to P.c.r. a single experiment, if well performed, can prove a hypothesis forever

According to P.c.r. a single experiment, if well performed, can disprove a hypothesis forever

According to P.c.r. a scientific hypothesis must make a prediction, which can be proven wrong

A suppressor mutation blocks the expression of another gene

A suppressor mutation can’t occur in the same gene

A suppressor mutation must occur in tRNA

A suppressor blocks the appearance of a mutant phenotype

Many genes do not cause a phenotype

The phenotype of a given mutation must be detectable under all conditions

The phenotype of a mutation can change according to the situation

The phenotype ist the observable impact of an allele

attB/P/L/R

targetted DSB

RE enzyme free assembly of bacterial, genome-size DNA

Efficient, RE enzyme free transfer of inserts between plasmids

Inhibition of RecBCD

RE enzyme free sub cloning from large inserts

RE enzyme free correction of genetic defects in vivo

Bacterial immune system

Exo, Beta, Gam

Edition through DSB-repair

attB/P/L/R

targetted DSB

RE enzyme free assembly of bacterial, genome-sized DNA

Efficient, RE enzyme free transfer of inserts between plasmids

RE enzyme free sub cloning from large inserts

RE enzyme free correction of genetic defects in vivo

Bacterial immune system

Exo, Beta, Gam

Editing through DSB-repair

Cloning from donor to recipient

attB/P/L/R

targetted DSB

RE enzyme free assembly of bacterial, genome-size DNA

Efficient, RE enzyme free transfer of inserts between plasmids

Inhibition of RecBCD

RE enzyme free subcloning from large inserts

RE enzyme free correction of genetic defects in vivo

Bacterial immune system

Exo, Beta, Gam

Editing through DSB-repair

attB/P/L/R

targetted DSB

RE enzyme free assembly of bacterial, genome-size DNA

Efficient, RE enzyme free transfer of inserts between plasmids

Inhibition of RecBCD

RE enzyme free subcloning from large inserts

RE enzyme free correction of genetic defects in vivo

Bacterial immune system

Exo, Beta, Gam

Editing through DSB-repair