Energetics II

Define standard lattice enthalpy

How does the strength of ionic bonding change as lattice enthalpy becomes more negative?

How does the lattice enthalpy change when the charge of the ions increases and why?

How does the lattice energy change as the ionic radii of ions increases and why?

Define Hess' law

Define the enthalpy of atomisation

Define electron affinity

Define ionisation energy

Define the enthalpy of formation

What is the difference between theoretical and experimental lattice energies?

How is comparing the theoretical and experimental values for lattice enthalpy useful?

Why is the experimental lattice enthalpy more negative than the theoretical?

What gives an ionic bond more covalent character?

Define electronegativity

How is the polarity of a bond calculated?

Define the enthalpy of hydration

Define the enthalpy of solution

What is the enthalpy of solution for a soluble substance?

How is enthalpy of hydration increased?

What is entropy?

How does entropy change as disorder increases?

What affects the entropy of a substance?

How does stability change as entropy increases?

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

State the second law of thermodynamics

State the third law of thermodynamics

How would you calculate the entropy change of a system?

How would you calculate the entropy change of surroundings?

How would you calculate the total entropy change?

What is the entropy change of a spontaneous reaction?

What is the equation used to find the free energy change of a reaction?

How can you tell how feasible a reaction is?

When ∆H is negative and ∆S is positive, how feasible is the reaction?

When ∆H is negative and ∆S is negative, how feasible is the reaction?

When ∆H is positive and ∆S is positive, how feasible is the reaction?

When ∆H is positive and ∆S is negative, how feasible is the reaction?

What equation can be used to find the equilibrium constant of a reaction using Gibb's Free Energy?

Which direction would a reaction go if the equilibrium constant was greater than 1?

Which direction would a reaction go if the equilibrium constant is smaller than 1?

Why would a reaction with a negative ∆G not occur?

Define enthalpy change

Define enthalpy of formation

Define enthalpy of combustion

Define enthalpy of neutralisation

How would you calculate enthalpy change?

State Hess' law

Define bond enthalpy

How would you calculate enthalpy change using bond enthalpies?