the psychological process of perceiving sound; the process through which sound waves are picked up by the ears and transmitted to the brain

the process of recognizing, understanding, accurately interpreting, and responding effectively to the messages communicated by others

the step in the listening process of choosing one sound over another when faced with competinrg stimuli

the step in the listening process of focusing attention on both the presence and communication of someone else

the step in the listening process of interpreting and making sense of messages

the step in the listening process of recalling information

the step in the listening process of generating some kind of feedback or reaction that confirms to others that one has received and understood their messages

being an active participant in making choices about selecting, attending, and the other steps in the listening process

failing to make active choices to the listening process

the degree to which the thought of the listener and the thoughts and intentions of the message producer match following their communication

processing and accurately understanding a message; also known as comprehensive listening

evaluating or analyzing information, evidence, ideas, or opinions; also known as evaluative listening

listening to people with openness, sensitivity, and caring; attempting to know how another person feels

a part of listening empathically that involves guessing at feelings and rephrasing what one thinks the speaker has said

listening with the simple goal of taking pleasure in the sounds one receives

a factor that interferes with the ability to accurately comprehend information and respond appropraitely

a state of uneasiness, anxiety, fear, or dread associated with a listening opportunity; also known as receiver appprehension

responding with aggression and arguing with the speaker without fully listening to the message

listening that involves zeroing in only on bits of information that interest the listener, disregarding other messages or parts of messages

listening in order to control the communication interaction

listening that occurs when we fail to pay attention to the emotional content of someone's message, instead taking it at a face value

pretending to listen when one is actually not paying attention at all

a cognitive process through which one interprets one's experiences and comes to one's own unique understanding

the means by which we gather, organize, and evalute the information we receive

mental structures that put together related bits of information

the process of being focused on the task at hand; necessary for competent communication.

a passive state in which the communicator is a less critical processor of information, characterized by reduced cognitive activity, inaccurate recall, and uncritical evaluation

active, critical thought resulting in a communicator succumbing to the biased nature of perception

giving greater credibility or importance to something shown or said than should be the case

personal characteristics that are used to explain

the tendency to over emphasize the internal and underestimate the external cause of behaviors we observe in others

the idea that we usually attribute our own successes to internal factors while explaining our failures by attributing them to situational or external effects

the argument that people change their opinion about the attributions of someone, particularly their physical attractiveness, the more they interact with that person

a form of cultural nearsightedness grounded in the belief that one's own culture is appropriate and relevant in all situations and to all people

the act of organizing information about groups of people into categories so that we can generalize about their attitudes, behaviors, skills, morals, and habits

a deep-seated feeling of unkindness toward particular groups, usually based on negative stereotypes and feelings of superiority over those groups

one's awareness and understanding of who one is, as interpreted by one's thoughts, actions, abilities, values, goals, and ideas

a theory that explains our tendency to compare ourselves to others, such as friends ad acquaintances or popular figures in the media, as we develop our ideas about ourselves

how one feels about oneself, usually in a particular situation

the ability to predict, based on self-concept and self-esteem, one's effectiveness in a communication situation

a prediction that causes an individual to alter his or her behavior in a way that makes the prediction more likely to occur

the feelings and thoughts one experiences when one knowns that one has negotiated a communication situation as well as possible

the feelings one experiences when one assesses own's own communication competence as sufficient or acceptable; less positive than self-actualization

a negative assessment about a communication experience that involves criticizing or attacking oneself.

intentional communication designed to show elements of self for strategic purposes; how one lets others know about oneself

the ability to watch over one's environment and others in it for cues as to how to present oneself in particular situations

revealing oneself to others by sharing information about oneself

a learned system of thought and behavior that belongs to and typifies a relatively large group of people; the composite of their shared beliefs, values, and practices

the framework through which one interprets the world and the people in it

the communication between people from different cultures who have different worldviews

a culture that relies on contextual cues - such as time, place, relationship, and situation - to both interpret meaning and send subtle messages

a cultures that uses very direct language and relies less on situational factors to communicate

a culture in which individual perceive themselves first and foremost as members of a group and communicate from that perspective

a culture whose members place value on autonomy and privacy, with relatively little attention to status and hierarchy based on age or family connections

the process of adapting behaviors to reduce uncertainty and risk

a culture that places value on assertiveness, achievement, ambition, and competitiveness; sometimes referred to as an achievement culture

cultures that tend to value nurturance, relationships, and quality of life

the way cultures communication about and with time

the way in which a culture accepts and expects the division of power among individuals

a culture that treats time as a limited resource; as a commodity that can be saved or wasted

a culture whose members are comfortable dealing with multiple people and tasks at the same time

language that downplays the emotional intensity or impoortance of events, often with euphemisms

vivid, colorful language with great emotional intensity and often exaggeration

a smaller group of people within a culture who are distinguished by features such as race, religion, age, political affiliation, generation, gender, sexual orientation, economic status, educational level, occupation, etc.

a group of people who were born in a specific time frame, along with its events and social changes that shape attitudes and behavior.

the behavior and cultural traits assigned to one's sex; determined by the way members of one particular culture define notions of masculinity and femininity

the theory that we each have a personal identity, which is our sense of our unique individual personality, and a social identity, that part of our self-concept that comes from group memberships

the group in which one identifies and to which one feels one belongs

the group one defines as "other"

a branch of the communication discipline that focuses on how communication between different groups affects relationships

brought to mind in the moment; one's social identity and communication shift depending on which of one's multiple group membership is __________ in a given moment

a belief in the superiority of one's own culture or group and a tendency to view other cultures through a lens of one's own

behavior toward a person or group based solely on their membership in a particular group, class, or category

seeing or hearing what one wants to see or hear in the communication of assorted group members

acting in a way that makes one's expectations about a group come true

mindfulness of behaviors that might offend others

the argument that interaction between member of different social groups generates a possibility for more positive attitudes to emerge

adapting and adjusting one's language and nonverbal behaviors for other people or cultures

when speakers shift their language or nonverbal behaviors toward each other's way of communicating

going too far in changing one's language or nonverbal behavior, based on an incorrect or stereotyping notion of another group