OCR Biology AS level (f211) flashcards/revision notes

what is the maximum resolution of the light microscope and the electron microscope?

what is the maximum magnification of the light, TEM and SEM microscopes?

actual size=

magnification=

define resolution?

define magnification?

outline the roles of the cytoskeleton?

outline the process of cilia and goblet cells in removal of waste?

role of vesicles?

structure of nucleus?

role of nucleus?

structure of RER?

structure of SER?

role of vesicles?

role of SER?

structure and role of Golgi?

structure and role of mitochondria?

structure and role of chloroplasts?

structure and role of lysosomes?

structure and role of ribosomes?

structure and role of centrioles?

outline the process of protein synthesis

outline roles of membranes

outline the structure of a phospholipid membrane

define cell signalling?

define diffusion?

define active transport?

what effects the rate of diffusion?

outline facilitated diffusion using channel proteins
-give an example

outline facilitated diffusion using carrier proteins
-give an example

outline bulk transport

what are the passive processes?

what are the active processes?

define osmosis?

what happens to animal cells in a solution with high water potential?

what happens to plant cells in a solution with high water potential?

what happens to animal cells in a solution with a low water potential?

what happens to plant cells in a solution with low water potential?

outline the phases of mitosis

what is a diploid cell

what is a haploid cell

role of RER?

at what phase in mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell?

what are the 2 end products called from successful mitosis

what is the process where the cell splits in cell division called?

what are the only plant cells able to divide called?

what prevents plant cells from dividing like mammal cells?

define clone?

what is an advantage of having genetically identical crops?

what are the dis-advantages of having genetically identical crops?

pros of plants being able to reproduce asexually?

multicellular organisms need transport systems why?

define differentiation?

how can cells adapt to become differentiated?

role of neutrophils in body?

define tissues?

define organ?

define organ systems?

outline the xylem tissue structure

outline the phloem tissue structure

give 2 examples of epithelial tissues

give 2 examples of connective tissues

list requirements for photosynthesis

how are leaves adapted for photosynthesis?

why do plants need water in their leaves?

why is it important that products of photosynthesis is transported up & down plant?

how does SA:VOL ratio effect diffusion?

define exchange surface?

why do large organisms need special exchange surfaces?

what makes an exchange surface efficient?

list the things that make up the gas exchange system

role of cartilage?

role of smooth muscle?

role of elastic fibres?

define tidal volume?

define vital capacity?

define residual volume?

define inpiratory reserve volume

define expiratory reserve volume

what is a double circulatory system?

list features of a good transport system?

what is an open circulatory system?

what is a closed circulatory system?

which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood away form the heart?

which side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body?

in what section of the heart is the atrioventricular valves located?

what makes up the artery?

what makes up the vein?

what makes up the capillary?

role of elastic tissue?

role of tissue fluid?

when haemoglobin binds to oxygen it becomes?

how are hydrogen carbonate ions formed?

what is the Bohr effect?

what is the appoplast pathway?

what is the symplast pathway?

what is the vacuolar pathway?

how does water travel up the stem?

how does H2O leave the leaf?
what does evaporation cause?

define transpiration?