Gold standard utilization for coronary arteries

Where is the incision site for a cardiac cath?

Cardiac cath technique

True/False cardiac cath lab can be utilized to determine pressure curves and gradients of valves

Cardiac Cath Lab Technique for Left side with valve disease

Cardiac Cath Lab techniques for Right side with Valve disease

What are the normal pressures for the heart?

What type of gradients do cath labs use?

What do we use in the echo lab for pressure gradients?

With a peak instantaneous gradient, what do you use to convert the max Doppler velocity?

True/False Peak to peak pressure gradient usually exceeds peak instantaneous gradient.

In the echo lab which gradient is the average of pressure gradients during the entire flow period?

Mean Doppler and ________________ correlate the best!

How does echo calculate mean?

How does cath calculate mean gradient?

From the Cath lab ____________ is used to determine AoV area using mean pressure gradient and cardiac output

Besides Gorlin's equation, what else will give us AoV area?

How close should the Gorlin equation and echo, continuity equation be in calculations of AoV area?

With Cath assessment of mitral stenosis, pressure waveforms show what?

With mitral stenosis, MVA is determined by ______.

How does cath assessment determine mitral stenosis?

How does cath lab determine mitral regurgitation?

With a cath lab assessment for mitral regurgitation, what do the pressure waveforms show?

What is left ventriculography?

What gradients are used in a cath lab assessment for Aortic stenosis?

AVA is determined by what formula?

In a cath lab assessment for aortic stenosis, pressure waveforms show what?

In a cath lab assessment for aortic regurgitation, how is the regurgitant volume determined?

What is supravalvular aortography?

In a cath lab assessment for aortic regurgitation, the pressure waveforms show what?

True/False: TVA is determined by the Gorlin formula

What do the pressure waveforms show with tricuspid stenosis?

With tricuspid stenosis we will see an increased mean diastolic pressure gradient between which two chambers?

How is tricuspid regurgitation determined?

With tricuspid regurgitation, pressure waveforms will show elevation where?

Tricuspid regurgitation will show ____________ RA pressure and RV diastolic pressure

What do the pressure waveform show with pulmonary stenosis?

With a pulmonary insufficiency, regurgitant volume is determined by ___________________

With pulmonary insufficiency, demonstrated diastolic reflux in the RV during systole or diastole?

What do the pressure waveforms show with pulmonary insufficiency?

When doing a cath assessment LV function, what functions are you looking at?

How do you assess LV function?

What are the 4 methods of determining cardiac output?

Which CO method measures the difference between end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and multiplying it by heart rate

Which CO method is an injection of chilled saline into RA. The difference in temperature measured in the PA is used to calculate CO

Which CO method involves comparing the difference in O2 consumption/difference in O2 content between arterial and pulmonary system

This rarely used method of determining CO is an injection of idocyanine green dye into the right side