Which is true of anxiety and fear?
FEAR is the body’s response to a vague sense of being in danger
ANXIETY is the body’s response to a vague sense of being in danger
FEAR prepares us for action
ANXIETY increases respiration, perspiration, muscle tension, and others
Most individuals with one anxiety disorder also suffer from a second one
Check all that are DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Panic disorder
Social anxiety disorder
Agoraphobia
Specific phobias
Depression
Bipolar disorder
Multiple personality disorder
Anxiety also plays a major role in which different groups of problems?
OCD
depression
Bipolar
multiple personality disorder
All of the above
Which is FALSE of generalized anxiety disorders?
Common in Western society
About one-fourth in treatment
Men diagnosed more often than women (2:1)
Usually first appears in childhood or adolescence
Which perspective theorized excessive childhood neurotic or moral anxiety sets stage for GAD
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Humanistic
Biological
Which perspective used general techniques like free association, transference, resistance, and dreams to treat all psychological problems?
Which perspective used object-relations therapists to help patients identify and settle early relationship problems to treat GAD
Which perspective says GAD arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly
Which perspective uses client-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard to treat GAD.
Humantisic
Behavioral
Which perspective says psychological problems are often caused by dysfunctional ways of thinking – including excessive worry and maladaptive assumptions.
Which new wave cognitive theory states certain individuals consider it unacceptable that negative events may occur, even if the possibility is very small; they worry in an effort to find “correct” solutions
Metacognitive Theory
Intolerance of Uncertainty Theory
Avoidance Theory
Which new wave cognitive theory suggests that the most problematic assumptions in GAD are the individual’s worry about worrying (METAWORRY)
Metacognitive theory
Which new wave cognitive theory holds that worrying serves a “positive” function for those with GAD by reducing unusually high levels of bodily arousal
Intolerance of Uncertainty theory
Avoidance theory
Which perspective treats GAD by breaking down worrying by helping them to recognize their inclination to worry and helping clients to become aware of streams of thoughts, including worries, and to accept these as mind events (Mindfulness-Based Acceptance Therapy)
Which perspective believe that GAD is caused primarily by biological factors like competing explanation of shared environment involving GABA inactivity
The circuit in the brain that helps produce anxiety reactions includes areas such as the
amygdala
prefrontal cortex
anterior cingulate
hippocampus
cerebellum
hypothalamus
Which perspective treats GAD with anti anxiety drug therapy and relaxation techniques
Phobias are persistent and unreasonable fears of particular objects, activities, or situations and often involve avoidance of the object or thoughts about it
Most people seek treatment for phobias
Which is true of agoraphobia
People with agoraphobia are afraid of being in situations where escape might be difficult, should they experience panic or become incapacitated.
Many people with agoraphobia avoid crowded places, driving, and public transportation
In any given year, 2.2 percent of adults experience this problem, women twice as frequently as men.
The disorder also is twice as common among wealthy people vs. poor ones.
three-fifths of people agoraphobia are in treatment.
Many also are prone to experience extreme and sudden explosions of fear – called “PANIC ATTACKS” – and may receive a second diagnosis of panic disorder
Which phobia develops through a process of learning in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become tied together in a person’s mind and so produce the same response.
Classical conditioning
Modeling
Stimulus generalization
Which phobia develops through a process of learning in which a person observes and then imitates others. Also, a therapy approach based on the same principle.
Which phobia develops through a phenomenon in which responses to one stimulus are also produced by similar stimuli.
What perspective is also called “PREPAREDNESS” because human beings are theoretically more “prepared” to acquire some phobias than others
Behavioral-evolutionary perspective
Behavioral perspective
Evolutionary perspective
Biological perspective
Which treatment of phobias teaches relaxation skills, create fear hierarchy, and pair relaxation with the feared objects or situations
Systematic Desensitization
Flooding
Which treatment of phobias involves forced nongradual exposure
Which treatment of phobias involves the therapist confronting the feared object while the fearful person observes
What is the most common and effective treatment for agoraphobia
Exposure
Which of the following about agoraphobia treatments is FALSE
Therapists help clients venture farther and farther from their homes to confront the outside world.
Therapists use techniques similar to those used for treating a specific phobia but, in addition, use support groups and home-based self-help programs.
Between 60-80 percent of clients with agoraphobia who receive treatment find it easier to enter public places, and the improvement lasts for years.
Improvements are often complete, and relapses are uncommon.
Select all that can help treat social anxiety
Assertiveness Training Groups
Medication
Psychotherapy
Exposure Therapy
Cognitive Therapies
There is no treatment
Which statement is FALSE
Unlike specific phobias, social fears are often reduced through MEDICATION (particularly antidepressants).
Several types of PSYCHOTHERAPY have proved at least as effective as medication.
People treated with psychotherapy are more likely to relapse than people treated with drugs alone.
All are true
Panic attacks are periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within 10 minutes, and gradually pass
Which of the following statements about panic disorders are FALSE
Has different prevalence across various cultures and racial groups
Tends to develop in late adolescence and early adulthood
Is twice as likely to occur in women than men
Is 50 percent more likely to appear in poor people than wealthier people
Is often accompanied by agoraphobia
Which perspective uses drug therapies to treat panic disorders?
Which perspective describes panic disorders as the tendency to focus on one’s bodily sensations, assess them illogically, and interpret them as harmful
What panic disorder treatment is used to produce panic in participants or clients by having them exercise vigorously or perform some other potentially panic-inducing task in presence of researcher or therapist such as jumping up and down, running up a flight of steps, and practicing coping strategies and making more accurate interpretations.
Biological Challenge Procedures
Behavioral Challenge Procedures
Cognitive Challenge Procedures
Humanistic Challenge Procedures
Mark all that is true of OCD
Person has recurrent and unwanted thoughts, a drive to perform repetitive and rigid actions, or both.
It is estimated that more than 40% of those with OCD seek treatment
It is more common in women than men
Between 1 and 2 percent of U.S. population suffer from OCD in a given year; as many as 3 percent over a lifetime
Occurrence of repeated obsessions, compulsions, or both
Minimal distress or impairment
The obsessions or compulsions take up considerable time
OBSESSIONS are repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel they must perform to prevent or reduce anxiety
Which is true of OBSESSIONS?
Thoughts that feel both intrusive and foreign
Attempts to ignore or resist them trigger anxiety
Have common themes
Voluntary behaviors or mental acts feel mandatory/unstoppable
Behaviors reduce anxiety
Behaviors often develop into rituals
Which is true of COMPULSIONS
Have common forms/themes
Behaviors reduce anxiety- but only for a short time
Believe that something terrible will occur if they do not perform the acts
Most recognize that their behaviors are unreasonable
Compulsive acts often occur in response to obsessive thoughts.
Which perspective states that OCD is played out in overt thoughts and actions Id impulses = obsessive thoughts Ego defenses = counter-thoughts or compulsive actions
Which perspective concentrates on explaining and treating compulsions rather than obsessions and proposes that people happen upon their compulsions quite randomly
Which perspective treats OCD by exposing a client to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and then preventing the client from performing his or her compulsive acts. Therapists often model the behavior while the client.
Which perspective indicates that everyone has repetitive, unwanted, and intrusive thoughts and suggests that people with OCD blame themselves for normal (although repetitive and intrusive) thoughts and expect that terrible things will happen as a result .
Which perspective believes people attempt to “NEUTRALIZE” their thoughts with actions (or other thoughts)
Which perspective treats OCD through psychoeducation and guiding the client to identify, challenge, and change distorted cognitions
Which perspective describes OCD as abnormal SEROTONIN activity and abnormal brain structure and functioning
Brain structures that have been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder include the
orbitofrontal cortex
caudate nucleus
thalamus
cingulate cortex
Which perspective treats OCD with serotonin-based antidepressants
In recent years, a growing number of clinical researchers have linked some excessive behavior patterns (e.g., hoarding, hair pulling, shopping, sex) to ANXIETY
