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littlegoulding
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Edexcel Geography B 2014 UNIT 1 INCLUDES: - restless earth - changing climate - battle for the biosphere - water world

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littlegoulding
Criado por littlegoulding quase 11 anos atrás
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about 10 years ago
this is very helpful, do you have one that is more based on "battle for the biosphere"?
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PhysicalGeographyRestlessEarthHow do convectioncurrents cause platemovement1. The core heats themolton rock in themantle which creates aconvection current.2. The heated rockrises to the surface.3. At the surface convectioncurrents move the tectonicplates in the crust.4.Molton rock cools and flowsback to the core.3 main plateboundariesDestructiveconstructiveconservativewhen 2 plates colilde one flows under the other (subduction)e.g. Nazca Plate and South AmericanPlateEarthquakes and volcanoesoccourRising convection currents pullaparte.g. Eurasion and North AmericanPlateforming volcanic ridges e.g. Mid-AtlanticRIdgeTwo plates slide past oneanothere.g San Andreas FaultCaliforniaEarthquakesVolcanic and earthquakehazardsEarthquake in Kashimer 200575 000 dead2.8 millionhomeless75 000 injuredproperty damage $440millionEarthquake in California,1989up too 12 000homeless3757 injuredproperty damage $10million63 deadvolcanoesshield volcanoescomposite volcanoesfound on constructive plate boundariesformed by long thin,runny lava which flowsa long way before it solidifiesgentle sloping sides and a wide basecontains baslaltic magma which is very hot with lowsilica and gas contentErupts frequently but not violentlyfound on destructive plate boundraiesformed by eruptions of viscous sticky lava and ash that don'tflow farhave steep slopping sides and narrowbasemade up layers of thick lava andashcontains andesitic magma which is lesshot but contains lots of silica and gaserupts frequently but not violently includes pyroclasticflowManaging earthquake andvolcanic hazardsthey are very difficult to predictwhat can help predict earthquakeslots needed after an earthquake e.g. volunteers, clean waterCase Study: Mount PinatuboVolcano 1991Social EffectsEconomic EffectsEnviromentalEffects58 000 people were evacuate from a30km radius of the volcano874 deaths in total300 killed from collapsing roofs100 killed by layhars1.2 million lost theirhomespeople roundthe volcano hadto migrate toshanty towns inmanilahouses & bridgesdestroyed andneeded replacingManila airport had to beclosed1991 harvest destroyedand 650 000 people losttheir jobsfarmland destroyed by fallingash & pumice unusable foryearsHeavy rainfalll fromTyphoon Yunga causesbuildings to collapseFast flowing volcanic mudflow(Lahars) cause servere river bankerosion undercut bridges etc.Volcanic ash blown in all directionsover hundreds of kms, smotheringfields and buildingsGlobal cooling caused by ash inthe atmosphere of 0.5cWhere?Island of Luzon in thePhillipinesSE Asia at thedestructive plateboundry betweenthe Eurasion &Philippine PlatesWhy?Result of Oceanic Philipine plate beingsubducted under the lighter continentalEurasion plateWhat?Composite Volcano exploded inJune 1991 creating Lahars &massive ash & gas cloudManaging the hazardPrevention75 000 people evacuated up to a 30km radiusUS Air Force helicopters helped evacuationAlert Systems put in place to warn of eruptionGovernment SheltersStrategies for long term aid and disease control during evacutionsPredictionPrepatation75 000 people were evacuated due to accurate predictionsSet up a permanent monitoring points or use satellite images to look at volcano site for changes in land surfacesThe US Geological Service helped to predict the disasterNo monitoring till April when seisometers were put into placeEvacuation camps built for refugeesWarning sign like gas and steam looked forLong & short term aid organised especially from the Red Cross and the USStorage of medicalsupplies of food andwater in preparationfor disasterClique duas vezes aqui para editar o textoClique e arraste este botão para criar um novo tópico