A health system has been defined by WHO as
Hospitals and clinics
First contact care of the sick
All organisations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health
Health policy implementation
Australia's health care system is
A mixed system, with elements of both welfare and market models
A welfare state system
A market model
Based on the US health system
What were the man findings of marmot's Whitehall studies?
There are marked inequalities in health outcomes depending on where the person is situated in social hierarchies which is consistent with the social gradient
Health interventions should take a whole life approach and be holistic in nature
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing
Social hierarchies do not impact on health outcomes and wellbeing
Key goals for health systems do not include
Responsiveness
Social and financial risk protection
Rationalisation
Improved health
Universal health coverage means
Comprehensive provision of primary health care services to a defined population
Public health services are provided free to the population
Universal access to a specified package of health benefits and social protection
Inclusion of all medical services and products in an insurance scheme
In tuohy's theory of health care system change, tuohy suggests that serious health reform only occurs at particular moments in time when all of the necessary factors are in place for the group with the balance of power. The institutions of power are
The state, the market and the professions
The state government, territory government, and local government
The state, private health insurers and Medicare
Doctors, nurses and allied health professionals
The building blocks of health systems do not include
Political will
Leadership and governance
Health workforce
Financing
Which of the following statements best describes medical dominance?
A situations where other allied health professionals do not have autonomy of their practice or accreditation procedures unlike those in medicines
A situation where the profession of medicine has limited power over health care
A situation where the profession of medicine has the majority of the power over health care decisions, including over the work of other health professionals
A situation where allied health professionals and alternative medicine therapies are able to assert their perspective
Which is not true about Australia's population?
Our birth rate is less then the replacement rate of 2:1
People over 65 years comprise about 14% of the population but in the indigenous population the figure is 3.4%
About half of the indigenous population is aged 22 or under compared to 38 years for the non-indigenous population
The proportion of people 25 and under is projected to continue to grow up to 2042
Health care systems are continually evolving complex systems and how we think about their goals is vital for influencing our views on how we think they should develop. Dr Alex Hadad or Toronto re-conceptualised the meaning of the goal of 'health' as
The physical, social, emotional and cultural wellbeing of the individual
The ability to self-manage in the face of physical, mental and social challenges
The wellbeing of the whole community to support more people into employment
The absence of disease whether infectious or chronic and the ability to function independently
Social and financial risk protection means
Third party partners bear the financial risks on behalf of the community
Financial risk is distributed according to ability to pay rather then illness
Taking out health insurances so people don't have to pay the full cost of health services
Income support is provided to people on low incomes
When was Medicare introduced
1988
1984
1901
1990
Which statement best describes the WHO definition of universal health coverage
UHC means that all people can access health care services that do not expose the user to financial hardship
UHC means that all people can use health services of sufficient quality for a fee
UHC ensures that some people within a population can use health care services that do not expose the user to financial hardship
UHC means that all people can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial
When referring to the Australian system of government, bicameral means
a legislative body with two branches, chamber or houses
citizens elect the government and the government is accountable to the citizens
a legislative body with one branch, chamber or house
setting out the power, rights and responsibilities of government and people
Identify the three components of the Medicare system
tele health, ambulance services and cosmetic surgery
primary health care services, private health care services and pharmaceutical
public hospital services, medical, pharmaceutical
bulkbilling, the Medicare levy, and private hospital services
Which of the following statements best describes equity in the health care system?
promoting tolerance, freedom and equality for all people regardless of race, sex, orientation and ethnicity in relation to health
equity refers to a state of affairs in which all people within a specific society have the same rights, opportunities, economic equality and other social securities and access to health services
equity is absence of avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically and is related to health determinants
equity and equality are interchangeable terms
Safety net provisions refer to
government programs and policies that protect against or reduce social and financial risks
horizontal fiscal imbalances
serious risks from low quality goods/services or from unsafe use
the restricted availability of goods or services
.....what aspects of her care are not covered by Medicare
public hospital surgical care, theatre fees and hospital accommodation
emergency department care
in-hospital physiotherapy
ambulance service to hospital
.... which of the following is not technical efficiency as he defined it
Improving federal/state cooperation through the council of Australian governments
Addressing the social conditions that underpin poor health to prevent ill health
The most accurate method of delivering treatment to restore an individuals functioning
Prioritising those most in need, such as those with chronic disease, to reduce health care costs into the future
Vertical fiscal imbalance means
The commonwealth government raises revenues in excess of its spendings responsibilities, while state governments have insufficient revenue from their own sources to finance spendings responsibilities
Re-categorising activities for the purpose of making the other party or public pay
The state government raise revenues in excess of their spending responsibilities while the commonwealth government has insufficient revenue from its own sources to finance spending responsibilities
Not admitting patients to day surgery
Policy is defined as
A set of unifying beliefs
Funding of health services and programs
Health in all policies
Long-term, continuously used standing decision by which more specific proposals are judged for acceptability
What is the policy development process order?
Formulation, identification, implementation, evaluation
Evaluation, identification, formulation, implementation
Evaluations, formulation, identification, implementation
Identification, formulation, implementation, evaluation
Which of the following principles of engagement with first peoples as identified by Hunt refers to building and sustaining relationships, building trust and acting with integrity
Power and decision making
Responsibility and accountability
Capacity development
The practice of engagement
Evidence can be defined as
Determining the value of policies
The making of a judgement about the amount, number or value or something
The objective assessment of a policy
Replicable, reliable and reproducible knowledge
The Australian human rights commission defines self-determination as
Being able to set goals and achieve them productively
The loss of a right to live in a certain way
An ongoing process of choice which ensures that indigenous communities are able to seek basic health care
An ongoing process of choice which ensures that indigenous communities are able to meet their social, cultural and economical needs
The rising costs of health diagnosis and treatment services in Australian means that health policy continues to be a hot topic of debate. Which of the following did Gray (.05) argue would help keep costs down according to international evidence?
Shift costs to consumers by introducing user charges as their behaviour will be better guided by choice of provider in the health service delivery market
Review access to UHC as the main reason is that Australia's population is aging
Shift the focus to evidence based evaluation of treatment and technologies
Maintain our multi-payer system under which the government allocates funding to a balance of private and public service provisions
Which of the following statements is false?
Stakeholders can have a huge influence on policy
Stakeholders always have the publics best interest at the forefront
Key interest groups often meet with politicians
Stakeholders can represent many different interests
Identify below a mechanism of the Victorian aboriginal affairs framework
Engagement and consultation in all stages of decision making processes
Local indigenous networks (LINS)
Indigenous peoples working group (IPWG)
Committee for indigenous peoples (CIP)
What is not a competing interest at play in debates around health policy in relation to how we can optimise our population goals
The professional interest in maximising incomes through professional representative bodies and associations
The high technology sector's interest to make a profit
The citizen's interest to access effective services to meet their basic health needs
The national interest in the potential to grow the economy and jobs as health is the largest industry in Australia
Which is considered the best descriptor of scientific evidence for the review of medical intervention outcomes?
Strong evidence from at least one published properly designed randomised controlled that of appropriate size and in an appropriate clinical setting
Strong evidence from at least one published, systematic, review of multiple well designed randomised controlled trials
Evidence from well-designed non experimental studies from more than one centre or research group
Evidence from published well designed trials without randomisation, single group pre-post cohort, time series or math case-controlled studies
Which statement is true of publicly funded health systems ?
Health services are funded to maximise health outcomes across the worst areas of society
People have access to services without having to pay for them
They are relatively cheap to run
All people pay the same tax
Health expenditure occurs where
Money is spent on health goods and services by governments, individuals and non-government sources
Money is spent by consumers on goods and services
Money is spent solely by governments on health goods and services
Money is spent solely by non-government sources such as private health insurers
In 2010 the OECD argued that life expectancy could be increased across OECD countries by 2 years if they all
Enhanced PBS access to generic new drugs for older people
Funded more of the proven new diagnostic and treatment technologies
Adjusted their policies to focus on health system efficiency
Allocated more health system funding for staffing in their national health budget
Which of the following statements is true?
The Medicare levy providers approximately 50% of the revenue needed to fund health spending
The Medicare levy provides less than 20% of the revenue needed to fund health spending
The Medicare levy provides all the financing necessary to fund health spending
The Medicare levy provides approximately 5% of the revenue needed to fund health spending
Which of the three following diseases attracted the most expenditure
Oral health, mental disorders and diabetes
Cardiovascular disease, oral health and mental disorders
Mental disorders, asthma and diabetes
Cardiovascular disease, cancer and oral health
Which is not true
State government spends more than federal government on hospital services
The AIHW classifies health aids under 'other recurrent" expenditure
The federal government spends more than the states on capital expenditure in the health budget
The majority of private health insurance expenditure is spent on hospital care
Which of the following is not an advantage for cases payments where set fees are paid per average cases seen by category
Encourages short length of stay
Encourages seeing more cases
Encourages most cost effective treatment by case
Encourages early discharge of patients
Which of the following statements best describes an important factor in determining health expenditure
Cost effectiveness
Its efficiency which is influenced by policy
Evidence based practice
The priorities of the government
Which of the following statements about health expenditure is not true
Health expenditure has been growing at a higher rate in recent years than our economy
The ratio of health expenditure to GDP has been growing in recent years
The value of all health goods and services produced has grown from 6.8% in 1986 to 9.5% in 2011-12
Health expenditure as a proportion of gross domestic product in Australia is significantly higher then the average of other OECD countries
Between 2011-12, Australia's health expenditure on primary health care services totalled $50.6 billion. Primary health care services include but are not limited to
Front line health services delivered in the community such as hospitals, emergency and ambulance
Frontline health services delivered in the community such as General practitioner services, dental services and all community and public health initiatives
Community based health services such as those delivered by non-government organisations (NGO's) such as the salvation army
Medical research such as research projects funded by the national health and medical research council
Which of the following is not a factor contributing to demand on the ambulance services of Australia?
An ageing population
Emergency department patient numbers
An increase in general practitioner services and clinical hours
Lack of alternative services
Burden of disease is measured by
The overall cost by disease group
Disability adjusted life years
The number of people who die from a disease
The number of people with the disease
Which of the following statements is truest about the overall burden of disease due to premature death and health loss in Australasia?
In 2010, cardiovascular disease replaced cancer as the largest contributor to the burden of disease compared to statistics from 1990
In 2010, diabetes did not contribute to overall burden of disease
In 2010, tobacco related conditions contributed more significantly to the burden of disease compared to statistics from 1990
In 2010, unintentional injuries replaced transport injuries as the largest contributor to injuries compared to statistics from 1990
A patient is assessed by the triage nurse in a public emergency department. The nurse categorises the case as being category 3 and to be assesses and treated within XX minutes. This is indicative of a _____ medical condition
Potentially life-threatening
Immediately life threatening
Potentially serious
Immediately life threatening ,
Preventing, managing and treating chronic disease needs to be a government priority for those in low socioeconomic geographic areas in Australia only
The UN has called for a 25% reduction by 2025 in mortality from chronic disease among people aged between 30 - 70 years old in developing countries only
Many chronic diseases in Australia arise from similar identifying causes and share a number of prevention and treatment strategies
There is strong evidence that the pandemic of communicable diseases in Australia is really the major health challenge for Australia
what were the biggest risk factors contributing to burden of disease in Australasia in 2010?
Smoking, cancer and sedentary lifestyle
Smoking, diatary risks and injury
Smoking, high body mass and illicit drug use
Smoking, dietary risks and high body mass index
What are the three core elements of the inter-professional capability framework
Communication team function, role clarification
Client centred service, reflection, conflict resolution
Client safety and quality, communication, collaborative practice
Client safety and quality, client centred service, collaborative practice
Chronic disease os often discussed in four major disease groups. Identify these groups
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, tobacco related conditions and obesity
Asthma, cancer, eating disorders and oral conditions
Obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cardiovascular disease, cancers, chronic pulmonary disease and diabetes
Risk factors that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes include obesity, impaired fasting blood glucose, raised blood pressure and raised blood triglycerides. This group of risk factors is known collectively as
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic disease
Metabolism syndrome
Metabolic rate
Paramedicine is currently not a registrable profession with the Australian Health Professional Regulation Agency. Which of the following is not a benefit of registration for paramedics
Better pay
Consumer protection
Protection of the title paramedic
On-going education requirements
Capacity in an aged population is described as
The need to not make unwise decisions
Understanding and making specific decisions
Something that remains constant over time
How much income an older person has accumulated
Which of the following is not a screening tool used for the assessment and diagnosis if dementia
General practitioner assessment of cognition
Rowland universal dementia assessment scale
8-minute screen
min-mental state examinations
.... which of the following answers best represents factors which may increase the risk of dementia
Excessive alcohol consumption, diabetes and smoking
Excessive alcohol consumption and isolation
Poly pharmacy, smoking and geographical location
Poly pharmacy and unemployment
What are some of the potential risk factors associated with incontinence
Being older, previous pregnancy and smoking
Being female, being older and cognitive impairment
Being female, being older and smoking
being female, previous pregnancy and excessive alcohol consumption
Death is an integral part of life. Which of the following options is not true? Palliative care:
Should not be commenced until the final stages of illness
Can be provided in community settings including a persons own home
Aims to improve quality of life of patients with an active, progressive disease that has little or no prospect of cure
Can be provided by neonatal and paediatric services
Which of the following is true about consumer directed care (CDC)?
It is in reality only possible in community settings such as through HACC
It is something current policy makers are trying to shift the whole health system away from towards person-centred care
It is generally not possible in hospital or residential settings
It applies to all aged care packages in both residential aged care is HACC
In older people there is an association between QOL, self reported health and actual health. Which is not a relevant factor here?
Social capital
Ageing in place
Neo liberalism
Social inclusion
The cost of going into an aged care facility could be
Up to $1 million
Free
$50,000
Approximately $100,000
'My aged care' was described as a
Coordinated entry point to access aged care services and information
Residential aged care facility
Medical training program
Government report
Australian women have a life expectancy ranked
In the top 2
Outside the top 10
In the 90th percentile
In the top 5
The global trend towards community care in the past 50 years has been derived by
A concern about the human rights of people with mental illness
The lack of infrastructure
The desire of private organisations to enter into the mental illness market
Concern about financial expenditure
Which of the following statements about informal carers is not correct?
Adoption of a carer role has been associated with poorer mental and physical health
Informal carers are primarily women
They have full control of their person they are caring for
They provide a major source of care
The notion of capacity in relation to mental health is explained as
Protection the rights of the mentally ill
To make decisions regarding one's own health care and whether involuntary care is needed
Finding a satisfying way of living with illness
Undertaking assessments in community settings
The UN convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is based on
A physical model of disability that shifts focus from barriers to full access to premises
A social model of disability that shifts focus from barriers to full participation for people with disabilities
Discrimination on the basis of disability
Limiting the freedom of people with mental health problems
....Which of the following was not one of the 3 components of the NSMHW?
1998 survey of children and adolescents
2010 survey of people living with psychotic illnesses
1999 school based survey of mental health
1997 school based survey of the adult population
What age group suffered the highest prevalence of common mental disorders in the Australian population in 2007?
35-44
18-24
25-34
45-54
What percentage of people receiving a disability support pension in Australia are experiencing psychological or psychiatric conditions?
60%
31%
20%
42%
Which of the following are new programs established by the federal, state and territory governments to address mental health?
Online therapy services for depression and anxiety, youth mental health services and state based step up/step down facilities
Community mental health services, online therapy services for depression and anxiety and helplines
Adult inpatient services, youth mental health services and state based step/step down facilities
Personal mentors and helper services (PHAMS) and online therapy services for depression and anxiety
The recovery framework in mental health services
Recognises that people can aim for full recovery from their mental illness
Recognises that delivery of mental health services in mainstream health settings is less stigmatising
Recognises that mental illness is best approached under the medical model or care
Recognises that people can live a contributing life with their mental illness
There has been a move to reduce the role of police in emergency situations and increase the role of paramedics. Which is not among the primary reasons for this?
To align care responses within a recovery framework
To recognise that mental health issues, need to be dealt with within a health framework
To help shift stigmatisation of people with mental illness
To free up police time for other community order issues
Which statement below is not included in self determination
Families ability to do what they believe is right
Authority to control resources and obtain needed services
Ability and opportunity to make choices and decisions
Opportunities to participate in and contribute to one's community
Concepts such as consumer self determination, person centred approaches to service delivery and consumer contribution to the planning of services has been part of disability research and practice
For over 25 years
Since the introduction of the NDIS
Since the beginning of disability services
For only the past few years
Which of the following is not one of the four guiding principles of the NDIS?
State government leadership in funding
Actuarial estimates to ensure the scheme is financially viable in the long term
Long term view of funding requirements
Investment in research, innovation and outcome analysis
Which of the following professions would not be an allied health profession supporting individuals with a disability?
Developmental educator
Occupational therapist
Speech therapist
Psychiatrist
The NDIS aims to provide
Better access for people living with disability to a mixture of specialist and mainstream services
Better access for people living with disability to health services
Better access for people living with disability to mainstream support services
Better access for people living with disability to specialist disability services only
In communicating with people living with disability which of the following is not most important for health professionals as measures of respect
Support them to participate in economic and social life
Support them to achieve a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing
To maximise their control over their life
Support them in exercising choice in the pursuit of their own goals
Alongside smoking what are the factors for chronic respiratory conditions
Environmental factors such as exposure to viral infections and air pollutants and genetic factors such as cystic fibrosis
Passive smoking and exposure to air pollutants through the workplace
Environmental factors such as passive smoking and genetic factors such as cystic fibrosis
Genetic factors such as cystic fibrosis
People with arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions are predominantly managed in
Residential rehabilitation by allied health professionals
Aged care facilities
Acute inpatient settings
Primary health care settings by a range of health professionals
Approaches that put the individual at the centre of decision making processes and both take and create opportunities to inform and empower individuals to be actively involved in the management of their health are referred to as
Personalised approaches
Person centred approaches
Central approaches
Person - aligned approaches
Which of the following contributed to the greatest number of injury related hospitalisations between 1999 and 2011?
Poisoning and pharmaceuticals
Intentional self harm
Falls
Transport injuries
The youth support advocacy services (YSAS) refers to empowerment as ?
Teaching young people to make decisions
Teaching young people to say no to drugs
Giving power to young people
Young people have to empower others to help them
The YSAS needs identification survey of their clients, approximately had
Only school problems/issues
No psychosocial issues/disadvantages
More then 6 psychosocial issues/disadvantages
Only family problems/issues
What are two important behavioural factors in maintaining desirable cholesterol levels?
Sufficient physical activity and a diet low in saturated fat
Smoking cessation and a diet low in saturated fat
Abstinent from alcohol and illicit drugs
Smoking cessation and sufficient physical activity
Total number of drug related hospitalisation gradually increased from about 81,000 on 03/04 to 108,000 on 11/12. This was largely due to
Respiratory conditions
Injuries
Alcohol
Illicit drugs
Using illicit drugs is a risky behaviour. The term illicit drug can encompass a number of broad concept which includes
a misuse of illegal drugs
Illegal drugs, misuse of pharmaceuticals and other psychoactive substance
Using drugs which are illegal only
Misuse of alcohol and tobacco
Age standardised death rates per 1,000 populations are highest in
Very remote areas
Major cities
Remote areas
Inner regional areas
If it occurs early enough, successfully quitting smoking can result in an increased life expectancy of
Quitting smoking makes no difference to life expectancy
Less than one year
Up to 10 years
Approximately 25 years
Most prison entrants were smokers before entering prison
Indigenous people about to be released from prison are least likely to report more positive changes to their physical and mental health while in prison
Indigenous people are significantly over represented in the prison system
Most prison entrants had used illicit drugs in the year before entering prison
Which of the following is not true of the ABS Australian health survey findings as reported by AIHW Australia's Health 2014?
Sufficient physical activity was more common in areas with the highest SES than areas with the lowest SES
Being overweight and obese were much more common in areas with the highest SES than areas with the lowest SES
The daily smoking rate was much higher in areas with lower SES than in areas with the highest SES
Drinking alcohol at levels that placed them at risk of an alcohol related injury from a single drinking occasion was lower in low SES areas that in high SES areas
Which of the following is true
People living in rural and remote areas are less likely to have high blood cholesterol
High blood cholesterol is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke
Australians in regional and remote areas tend to have longer lives than people in major cities
Impaired fasting glucose is not a risk factor for the future development of cardiovascular disease
Which of the following is not a key factor of the primary health care model
Accessible
Adaptable
Appropriate
Affordable
Which of the following is one of the key objectives for the primary health networks?
Identify local health care services and develop locally focused and responsive services
Improve the coordination of care to ensure patients receive the right care in the right place and the right time
Improving the patient journey through developing integrated and coordinated services
Provide support to clinicians and service providers
Which of the following services is not considered to be an aspect of primary health care
The royal flying doctor service
Assessment, treatment and transport to hospital by Ambulance Victoria
Sports injury assessment and treatment in an emergency department
The cancer council Australia "no tan is worth dying for' campaign
With the use of vaccines, it is sometimes possible to achieve disease eradication, while for other vaccines the aim is to
Limit disease in only those that choose to be vaccinate
Protect those that choose not to be vaccinated
Protect the largest proportion of the population as possible
Limit severe disease in the most vulnerable populations
Which of the following is not one of the key objectives of the primary health care access program of the NT
To empower individuals and communities to assume great responsibility for their personal health and wellbeing
To increase the availability of appropriate primary health care services
To provide comprehensive and selective health care to all individuals to improve the overall health of the whole community
To create local health systems that are better equipped to meet the needs of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander communities
Poor childhood oral health is a strong predictor of
Language barriers
Poor adult oral health
Low socioeconomic status
Poor health literacy
The second most commonly notified vaccine preventable disease after influenza is
Whooping cough
Measles
Tuberculosis
Diphtheria
The declaration of alma ata .... primary premise is that
People living with disability have the same right as other people to participate in all aspects of social and economic life
General practitioners should be the first point of contact for everyone for their health issues
Indigenous people worldwide have the right of self-determination
The attainment of the highest possible level of health is only achievable with action in environmental, social and economic sectors
Which services would generally not be provided in a selective primary health care model
Screening
Immunisation
Management of chronic disease
Community development
The main aim of selective health care is
To acknowledge that primary health care is inevitably political
To acknowledge local community priorities
Reduction/elimination of specific disease
Improvement in the overall health of the community and individuals
The overall health of indigenous Australians is
Better than other Australians
About the same as other Australians
Less relevant to community health because they have their own cultural practices
Worse than other Australians
.... of the following behavioural risk factors, which is the most concerning for the indigenous population as rates are significantly higher than in the non indigenous population?
Risky levels of alcohol consumption
Illicit drug uses
Poor diet and sedentary lifestyle
Smoking
Which of the following best describes key features of aboriginal community controlled services?
Health workforces which are government by Indigenous Australians
Community - initiated and located with culturally acceptable, holistic services with aboriginal health workers as the major workforce
Empowerment: facilitating individuals and communities to assume great responsibilities for their personal health and wellbeing
All features of the ACCHS arose from failure of mainstream services to adequately provide for indigenous people
Indigenous Australians under 65 are twice as likely as non indigenous Australians to
Have a disability
Smoke tobacco
Require health literacy
Require assistance with daily activities
Indigenous Australians consist of what percentage of the population?
5%
10%
12%
3%
When was the first ACCHS established?
After the 1967 referendum when rights to freedom of movement were made more flexible
After the mabo decision in 1992 when their special health rights were recognised
After federation in 1901 when freedom of movement was given back to aboriginal and Torres strait islanders
After the second world war in 1946 when aboriginal soldiers returned from service and it was recognised they were frequently not comfortable with mainstream health services
Which of the following is not true?
Cultural safety and cultural competence have now become entrenched in mainstream health services so most aboriginal people now prefer these services
Indigenous people 40-59 years are 3x as likely to need assistance with daily activities as non indigenous people in that age bracket
The purple house seeks to provide ongoing connection to family and country for people needing ongoing renal dialysis treatment
ACCHS help build a cultural awareness and sensitivity of mainstream health services
Hospitalisation of indigenous people for potentially preventable condition occurs more frequently than for non-indigenous. These hospitalisations occur at a rate nearly ____ times as often.
One
Ten
Four
Eight
Despite strong evidence for the efficacy and value of ACCHS
Indigenous people do not go to them for health care services
They do not provide the services their local communities require
They do not deliver significant economic benefits to their communities
There is an ongoing need to fight for their place in Australian health care
Aboriginal controlled services arose from
Political point scoring
Aboriginal people protesting at community health services
Mainstream services over servicing aboriginal communities
A failure of mainstream services to adequately provide for indigenous people
One of the greatest challenges to the Australian healthcare system is
Ensuring there is a suitable workforce
Ensuring screening programs are made available
Ensuring people visit their GP as needed
Ensuring politicians follow through on their promises
Which of the following is TRUE? There will be challenges of accessing Primary healthcare because
All primary health care is free
Lack of practitioner time is cited as a frequent barrier to providing services
primary health care is fully funded by the government
primary health care is readily available in non-metropolitan regions
Which of the following is FALSE?
Lifestyle diseases continue to increase
Indigenous peoples have higher rates of disease then non-indigenous peoples
There is evidence that the use of illicit drugs will reduce significantly into the future
Primary health care has a role in the prevention of the onset of chronic disease
It is true that there will be future challenges in providing services to people with a disability because
Disability service providers are not accredited
There is no definition of a disability
Services will need to be specifically tailored to the person with the disability
People with a disability are difficult to contact
It is FALSE to state that non-communicable diseases
Include diabetes, mental illness and cancer
Can be best addressed through collaboration across many industries
Are considered a public health challenge
are decreasing in developing countries
Numerous types of health practitioners comprise the Australian Health workforce. Which group represents the greatest proportion of practitioners?
Psychologists
Medical practitioners
Nurses and midwives
Pharmacists
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
All health practitioner types are greater in concentration in Major cities than rural or remote settings
Females comprise a greater proportion of the health care and social assistance industry
The number (per 100,000 population) of Australian nurses is greater than the OECD average
The numbers of medical practitioners and nurses/midwives have increased significantly over the last few year
Which of the following is NOT a challenge for the Royal Flying Doctor Service
Patient access to primary health care needs
The reliance on only private health insurance to cover costs
The remoteness of service delivery
Availability of funding
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A policy may be rules to guide action or inaction
A policy culminates in an issue/situation being defined, redefined or changed
A policy is a short term solution to an acute situation
A policy may be presented as a statement of intentions, objectives and goals
Australians expect their health policies to be guided by
Fairness and justice
Defined pensions
All people covered by insurance
The rule of the land
