Which of these is not a type of cel death?
Apoptosis
Necrosis
Autolysis
Oncosis
utiss
Which of these is not part of apoptosis?
Membrane integrity preserved
Active processes, requires ATP and protein syntehsis'caspase cascade activated
cells shrink and components packaged into membrane-bound vesicles (apoptic bodies)
Single cels
no inflammation
Pasive process
Which of these is not part of oncosis?
Membranes breached
Passive process,driven by energy deprovation
Cells swell with haphazard destruction of organelles
contiguous cells
inflammatory response
active process
Which are the causes of cell damage?
Oxygen deficiency(hypoxia)
Physical agents
chemicals and drugs
Micro-organisms
Immune reactions
creams
Which of these causes ischaemia heart conditions?
Angina pectoris
MI
Sudden cardiac death
Chronic ischaemic heart disease
endocardidit s
What are the complications of MI?
Reduced Myocardial contractility --> acute heart failure
Arrhythmias and heart block
papillary muscle dysfunction
Myocardial rupture
Change in blood group
pericarditis
mural thrombus
ventricular aneurysm
distorted papillary muscles
Dressler syndrome is an autoimmune complication after an MI, caused by immune system attacking the pericardium.
Which of these are the symptoms and signs of Dressler syndrome?
chest pain
fever
pericarditis with effusion
pain in left arm
What causes vasoconstriction?
Increase in oxygen
decrease in CO2 and other metabolites
Increase in endothelin
Increase in SNS stimulation
Increase in vasopressin,
Increase in angiotensin II
Cold
Decrease in O2
Increase in Co2
What causes vasodilation?
Decrease in o2
Increase in Co2 and other metabolites
Increase NO
Decrease in SNS stimulation
Decrease in histamine stimulation
Heat
Coronary cirulation receives 4-5% resting Cardiac output
Is cerebral resistance vessels are spared from baroreflex vasoconstriction?
Is this correct? MAP=CO X SVR
Which factors affect venous return?
CO
Muscle pump
venous valves
thoracic pump
blood group
Which of these are the types of shock?
Hypovolaemic
Cardiogenic
Obstructive
Septic
Anaphylactic
Neurogenic
hypotension
Acute coronary syndrome is a result of rupture of an atheromatous plaque?
Non vunerable plaques have thin fibrous capsule, large atheromatous core
Blood pressure is determined by CO and Peripheral resistance
Normal pulse pressure is 40mmHg
Mean arterial pressure is 93mmHG
Where are baroreceptors located?
Carotid sinus
aortic arch
renal arteries
The two types of fibres responding to stretch artery?
A fibres
C fibres
D fibres
Which of these are secondary hypertension?
Renal hypertension
Endocrine tumours -Conn's tumours: primary hyperaldosterone -Phaeochromocytoma:adrenal medulla
Coarctation of the aorta
pre-eclampsia of pregnancy
liquorice addiction
flu
Primary(essential) hypertension?
Genetic -Glutathione-S-transferase -eNOS -B2 adrenoreceptor polymorphism
Renal -Hypertension travels with kidneys -reduced nephron number in hypertensives
Stomach
120/80mmHg is normal
