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SPPH 300 Module 1-10 Quizzes

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SPPH 300 Module Quizzes

Questão 1 de 100

1

What was the #1 risk factor for global DALYs in 2010?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Drug Use

  • High Blood Pressure

  • Low Physical Activity

  • Tobacco Smoking

Explicação

Questão 2 de 100

1

Infectious diseases kill more people every year than noncommunicable diseases do.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 3 de 100

1

Which of the following can facilitate analysis of the relationship between population health and spatial data?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BSS)

  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

  • The Routine Health Information Network (RHINO)

  • The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

Explicação

Questão 4 de 100

1

According to the article, which of the following is NOT one of the three global drivers of rapid transitions in global health?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Changes in causes of death

  • Changes in causes of disability

  • Demographic changes

  • Migration

Explicação

Questão 5 de 100

1

How many Sustainable Development Goals are there?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 10

  • 15

  • 17

  • 20

Explicação

Questão 6 de 100

1

Which of the following MDG targets have been met?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • HIV

  • TB

  • Malaria

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 7 de 100

1

What component of the United Nations authorizes the adoption of international development goals, including the SDGs and the MDGs?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The General Assembly

  • The Secretariat

  • The Security Council

  • The Trusteeship Council

Explicação

Questão 8 de 100

1

Approximately how many Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) currently exist?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 20

  • 50

  • 100

  • 200

Explicação

Questão 9 de 100

1

What is the number one cause of death throughout the world?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • HIV/AIDS

  • Ischemic Heart Disease

  • Malnutrition

  • Cancer

Explicação

Questão 10 de 100

1

Which of the following is a key difference between global health estimates that come from UN Agencies compared to those from academic institutions?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Amount of time taken for analysis

  • Degree of rigor

  • Reputation of the authors

  • Underlying data source

Explicação

Questão 11 de 100

1

_______ describes “the freedom, scope, and mechanisms that governments have to choose, design and implement public policies to fulfill their aims”

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Chronicity

  • Free will

  • Policy capacity

  • Policy space

Explicação

Questão 12 de 100

1

International travel with the purpose of seeking medical care, including surgeries, is rare and does not significantly contribute to the global spread of infections.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 13 de 100

1

What is the main source of healthcare financing in low income countries?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Private prepaid plans

  • Out of pocket spending

  • Social health insurance

  • Territorial government

Explicação

Questão 14 de 100

1

International trade mainly impacts infectious disease transmission, and has little effect on the global spread of chronic diseases.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 15 de 100

1

______ is a worldwide communication and data collection network of travel and tropical medicine clinics started more than a decade ago that systematically gathers information on ill international travelers and migrants.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The GeoSentinel Network

  • The Centers for Disease Control

  • The Global Burden of Disease

  • The Travelers Illness Database

Explicação

Questão 16 de 100

1

As of 2015, how many countries did not meet the 2006 World Health Report threshold of 22.8 skilled health professionals per 10 000 population?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 103

  • 83

  • 63

  • 43

Explicação

Questão 17 de 100

1

During the 1980s and 1990s, international financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), embraced a set of economic policies known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the Kyoto Protocol

  • the North American Free Trade Agreement

  • the Paris Agreement

  • the Washington Concensus

Explicação

Questão 18 de 100

1

The International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) came out of the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Alma Ata Conference

  • Geneva Conference

  • Bretton Woods Negotiations

  • Paris Agreement

Explicação

Questão 19 de 100

1

Globally, approximately how many people are pushed below the poverty line each year due to spending on healthcare?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 500 million

  • 100 million

  • 50 million

  • 1 million

Explicação

Questão 20 de 100

1

The global deficit of health workers is approximately:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 10.2 million

  • 7.2 million

  • 5.2 million

  • 1.2 million

Explicação

Questão 21 de 100

1

What pollutant affects more people than any other type?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Nitrogen dioxide

  • Ozone

  • Particulate matter

  • Sulfur dioxide

Explicação

Questão 22 de 100

1

What percentage of Canadian households is estimated to experience food insecurity?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 12%

  • 9%

  • 6%

  • 3%

Explicação

Questão 23 de 100

1

The right of peoples and sovereign states to democratically determine their own agricultural and food policies is known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Food policy

  • Food safety

  • Food security

  • Food sovereignty

Explicação

Questão 24 de 100

1

Unfair systematic differences in health that are judged to be avoidable by reasonable action are known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Social determinant of health

  • Health inequity

  • Health circumstances

  • Lived experience

Explicação

Questão 25 de 100

1

The valued social networks and reciprocal social bonds that sustain human engagement and cooperation are known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • communities of care

  • the human connection

  • social capital

  • systems of value

Explicação

Questão 26 de 100

1

The World Health Organization estimates that the majority (80%) of outdoor air pollution-related premature deaths are the result of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Emphysema

  • Lower respiratory infections

  • Lung cancer

  • Ischemic heart disease or stroke

Explicação

Questão 27 de 100

1

True or False: Both of the global Millenium Development Goal (MDG) targets for drinking water and sanitation were met.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 28 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT considered a social determinant of health?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Age

  • Disability

  • Education

  • Income status

Explicação

Questão 29 de 100

1

_____ refers to the idea that each culture has developed its own ways of solving the problems of how to live together, obtain the essentials of life--such as food and shelter--and explain phenomena.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Cultural appropriation

  • Cultural competence

  • Cultural relativism

  • Cultural safety

Explicação

Questão 30 de 100

1

The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions is known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Education level

  • Empowerment

  • Health literacy

  • Individual agency

Explicação

Questão 31 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT a major provider of funding for global health?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Governments

  • Private Foundations

  • Individuals

  • Businesses/ the private sector

  • Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Explicação

Questão 32 de 100

1

Who was the first director general of the World Health Organization (WHO)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Hiroshi Nakajima

  • Brock Chisholm

  • Marcolino Candau

  • Margaret Chan

Explicação

Questão 33 de 100

1

Under the governance principles of the UN system, _______ functions as the central governing body of the World Health Organization and is responsible for appointing the Director General, overseeing all major decision making, and approving the program budget.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The Economic and Social Council

  • The General Assembly

  • The Secretariat

  • The World Health Assembly

Explicação

Questão 34 de 100

1

The bilateral aid agency of the United Kingdom is called:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The Department for International Development (DFID)

  • The United Agency for International Development (UAID)

  • The Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Development (DFATD)

  • None of the above

Explicação

Questão 35 de 100

1

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an example of which of the following:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A bilateral aid agency

  • A global health partnership (GHP)

  • An inter-governmental organization

  • A private foundation

Explicação

Questão 36 de 100

1

A large number of global health actors support the sharing of intellectual property, guideline development, and surveillance activities.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 37 de 100

1

The network of transnational actors that have a primary intent to improve health and the polylateral arrangements for governance, finance and delivery within which these actors operate is known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The Global Health System

  • The World Health Organization

  • The International Health Network

  • The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations

Explicação

Questão 38 de 100

1

The Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) was founded before the World Health Organization (WHO).

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 39 de 100

1

Which foundation was a significant player in international health in the early 20th century?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Bloomberg Philanthropies

  • The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

  • The McKnight Foundation

  • The Rockefeller Foundation

Explicação

Questão 40 de 100

1

The Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Partnership was initiated by the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, UNDP, and the World Bank. When was RBM founded?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 1975

  • 1988

  • 1998

  • 2015

Explicação

Questão 41 de 100

1

The process by which populations shift from high rates of infectious disease and short life expectancies to increasing rates of chronic non-communicable diseases that have time to develop over longer life expectancies is known as: ______.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Development

  • The epidemiologic transition

  • The health transition

Explicação

Questão 42 de 100

1

Which of the following is essential for a successful multicultural collaboration?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Geographic proximity

  • Shared beliefs and values

  • Shared language

  • Shared purpose

Explicação

Questão 43 de 100

1

Critical reflectivity is a highly structured process that should be practiced according to specific guides.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 44 de 100

1

People or groups that are indirectly affected, either positively or negatively, by an effort or the actions of an agency, institution, or organization are known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Key stakeholders

  • Primary stakeholders

  • Secondary stakeholders

  • Non-stakeholders

Explicação

Questão 45 de 100

1

To build trust, what should be the first task of any public health intervention?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Establish clear communication channels with the media

  • Seek permission and get buy-in from local authorities

  • Reach out to local communities

Explicação

Questão 46 de 100

1

_______ is an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide while emphasizing transnational health issues, determinants, and solutions, involving many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, and synthasizing population based prevention with individual-level clinical care.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Global Health

  • Public Health

  • International Health

Explicação

Questão 47 de 100

1

Individuals and groups who have an interest or share responsibilities in a given issue, such as policymakers, community leaders, special groups, and community members are known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Stakeholders

  • Communities

  • Vulnerable populations

Explicação

Questão 48 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT a major macro-level challenge that global health will likely face in the next decade?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Climate Change

  • The dramatic rise of infectious diseases

  • Disaster and conflict

  • Longevity and ageing

  • Urbanization

Explicação

Questão 49 de 100

1

Which of the following can lead to distrust in public health?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Lack of understanding of cultures

  • Leadership influence

  • Myths about health

  • Poor communication

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 50 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT a goal of community engagement in research?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • To assess the contextual acceptability of research

  • To avoid exploitation

  • To bring money to communities

  • To ensure the relevance of findings

Explicação

Questão 51 de 100

1

The balancing of the positive features and benefits of a particular intervention, policy, or research study against its negative features and effects, when deciding whether or not to implement it is known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Distributive Justice

  • Egalitarianism

  • Procedural Justice

  • Proportionality

Explicação

Questão 52 de 100

1

When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 1968

  • 1958

  • 1948

  • 1938

Explicação

Questão 53 de 100

1

Procedures for obtaining informed consent should always be the same, even in different cultural context, in order to maintain consistency and rigor.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 54 de 100

1

Prevention efforts that aim to shorten the duration of a condition after infection or onset are known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Primary

  • Secondary

  • Tertiary

  • None of the above

Explicação

Questão 55 de 100

1

The primary document that governs human subjects research in Canada is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The Tri Council Policy Statement

  • The Nuremburg Code

  • The Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 56 de 100

1

Colonialism plays a fundamental role in the history of the field of global public health

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 57 de 100

1

Which of the following are guidelines for the international conduct of research?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the Nuremburg Code

  • the Bretton Woods Agreement

  • the Paris Declaration

  • the TRIPS Agreement

Explicação

Questão 58 de 100

1

Angelina is training to be a medical doctor and will be travelling to a developing country for a rotation. What are some steps that Angelina can take to help her adapt her skills to resource-limited settings?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Ask for guidance

  • Educate herself prior to departure

  • Travel to established programs or sites

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 59 de 100

1

According to the psychosocial model of complete patient care, physicians must address not only a patient’s physical ailments, but his psychological and social needs as well.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 60 de 100

1

High-income countries spend about how many times more on health per capita than low-income countries?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 20

  • 50

  • 100

  • 200

Explicação

Questão 61 de 100

1

Which of the following is an essential right that states must fulfill under the 'core minimum obligation'?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Access to the minimum essential food which is nutritionally adequate and safe

  • Access to shelter, housing and sanitation and an adequate supply of safe drinking water

  • The provision of essential drugs

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 62 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for low- and middle-income countries to address healthcare worker migration?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Diversify skill-mix

  • Increase health worker wages to match those in developed countries

  • Place emphasis on non-wage retention strategies

  • Promote circular migration

Explicação

Questão 63 de 100

1

Which of the following is widely considered to be the central instrument of protection of the right to health?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

  • The Nuremburg Code

  • The TRIPS Agreement

  • The Vienna Declaration

Explicação

Questão 64 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria by which to evaluate the right to health--according to General Comment 14 on the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Availability

  • Accessability

  • Acceptability

  • Quality

  • Quantity

Explicação

Questão 65 de 100

1

Trained and authorized health workers in communities carrying out a variety of healthcare tasks is known as _________.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Community leadership

  • Offloading

  • Task sharing

  • Traditional Medicine

Explicação

Questão 66 de 100

1

_____________ is a programming strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO) that was popularized in the 1970s. This strategy represented the WHO's effort to re-engage with human rights language.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Health in All Policies

  • Health for All

  • The Declaration of Alma Ata

  • Health as a Human Right

Explicação

Questão 67 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of Community Based Participatory Research?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Continually facilitating collaboration and partnership in each phase of the research

  • Interrogating knowledge and action

  • Partnering on the dissemination of research findings

  • Researchers clearly determine the research question before engaging the community

Explicação

Questão 68 de 100

1

The principle of _________ seeks to guarantee that human rights are exercised without discrimination of any kind based on race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status such as disability, age, marital and family status, sexual orientation and gender identity, health status, place of residence, economic and social situation.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Accountability

  • Fairness

  • Non-discrimination

  • Universality

Explicação

Questão 69 de 100

1

According to World Health Organization estimates, what is the minimum annual cost per person (excluding basic needs) to ensure the right to health?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • $20 USD

  • $40 USD

  • $100USD

  • $500USD

Explicação

Questão 70 de 100

1

Systematic, plausibly avoidable differences in health, varying according to levels of social advantage, are known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Health inequities

  • Poverty

  • Disadvantage

  • Health differences

Explicação

Questão 71 de 100

1

The permanence of structures, roles, and processes for prolonged periods of time (sometimes despite preferable alternatives) is known as _______. This phenomena can stifle economic and health systems development, particularly when created to privilege the interests of particular groups in society.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Organizational norms

  • Path dependence

  • Resistance to change

  • Rigidity

Explicação

Questão 72 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven main perspectives within the discipline of organizational studies?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Contingency

  • Complexity

  • Institutional

  • Relational

Explicação

Questão 73 de 100

1

_________ is an initiative that was created by The World Health Organization (WHO) to provide free access to thousands of journals for low- and middle-income institutions.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Data Repository

  • FOSCOLLAB

  • HINARI

  • WHOLIS

Explicação

Questão 74 de 100

1

The existence of structures and processes that allow a program to leverage resources to effectively implement and maintain evidence-based policies and activities is known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Sustainability capacity

  • Organizational bandwidth

  • Health impact synergy

  • Knowledge and information management

Explicação

Questão 75 de 100

1

Which of the following is a benefit of a community dialogue?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Build the capacity of the group to act on ideas

  • Focus corporate and organizational investment towards community benefit

  • Generate local media attention

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 76 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT an international document that is focused on the importance of country ownership in development?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The Accra Agenda for Action (2008)

  • The Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005)

  • Guidelines from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria

  • The Paris Agreement (2016)

Explicação

Questão 77 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT a prerequisite of effective research?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Individual research skills and ability

  • Appropriate infrastructure

  • Relevance to national policies

  • The ability to contribute to global research and policy needs

  • Technological advancements

Explicação

Questão 78 de 100

1

A community asset can be:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A person

  • A physical structure

  • A community service

  • A business

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 79 de 100

1

Which of the following has been a criticism of the term 'community capacity building'?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • it is too expensive to conduct

  • it implies that experts ‘teach’ communities what to do

  • it takes too much time

  • communities do not want to build their own capacity

Explicação

Questão 80 de 100

1

According to The WHO European Office for Investment for Health Development, the resources that individuals and communities have at their disposal, which protect against negative health outcomes and/or promote health status are known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Health assets

  • Strengths

  • Health promotion skills

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 81 de 100

1

What report or document is called for at the beginning of the project lifecycle?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Project Initiation Document (PID)

  • Project Planning Document (PPD)

  • Progress Report

  • None of the above

Explicação

Questão 82 de 100

1

Circumstances beyond the control of the project manager or government that might impact the success of an international development project are known as _________.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Cultural factors

  • Managerial factors

  • Physical factors

  • None of the above

Explicação

Questão 83 de 100

1

__________ is intended to help plan effectively for a project by breaking key tasks or activities into more manageable and smaller units of work.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Critical path analysis

  • Gantt chart

  • Resource histogram

  • Work breakdown structure (WBS)

Explicação

Questão 84 de 100

1

The specific changes in program participants’ behavior, knowledge, skills, status and level of functioning are known as __________.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Goals

  • Objectives

  • Outcomes

  • Outputs

Explicação

Questão 85 de 100

1

Which of the following is a systematic and visual way to represent how a program works?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A Logic Model

  • The Planning Cycle

  • Program Framework

  • None of the above

Explicação

Questão 86 de 100

1

Which of the following is a horizontal bar chart used in project scheduling?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A critical path analysis

  • A cost breakdown structure

  • A Gantt chart

  • A histogram

Explicação

Questão 87 de 100

1

Which of the following is a limitation of the logic model?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It may be incorrect

  • Establishing boundaries for inclusion can be a barrier

  • Time consuming to create

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 88 de 100

1

As the gold standard for evidence in public health, public health interventions, priorities, and policies should always be grounded in randomized control trials.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 89 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the logic model is an effective tool in program design, implementation, and evaluation?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It logically links activities and effects

  • It is visually engaging

  • It provokes thought and triggers questions

  • It includes forces known to influence the desired outcomes

  • It displays the 'whole picture' of what is going on with a project

Explicação

Questão 90 de 100

1

Which of the following types of statements are based on the results of Randomized Control Studies?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Plausability statements

  • Probability statements

  • Adequacy statements

  • All of the above

Explicação

Questão 91 de 100

1

Which of the following should NOT be included in a situation analysis?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A comprehensive plan for program implementation

  • Facts describing the epidemiology, demography and health status of a population

  • An assessment of the current health situation as compared to the expectations and needs of a country

  • An assessment of stakeholder positions

Explicação

Questão 92 de 100

1

A situation analysis is a collection of facts describing the epidemiology, demography and health status of the population.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • True

  • False

Explicação

Questão 93 de 100

1

When should community needs and assets be assessed?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Prior to planning a global health intervention

  • During program implementation

  • At the end of a program

  • Multiple times on an ongoing basis throughout all program stages

Explicação

Questão 94 de 100

1

It is more important to assess community needs than it is to assess community assets and resources.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • False

  • True

Explicação

Questão 95 de 100

1

Individual-level interventions are characterized by higher levels of personal interaction between the targets of the interventions and their providers and are more likely to be based on psychosocial or biomedical explanations for behavior.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 96 de 100

1

Systems thinking is specific to the field of public health.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 97 de 100

1

Advertisements by a national government encouraging physical activity in its populace are an example of what level of intervention?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • individual level

  • organizational level

  • community level

  • societal (population) level

Explicação

Questão 98 de 100

1

An intervention to get hospitalized cancer patients to give up smoking to promote recovery from their surgery is an example of what type of health intervention?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Primary

  • Secondary

  • Tertiary

  • None of the above

Explicação

Questão 99 de 100

1

Community leaders and policy makers are examples of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Agents of change

  • Targets of change

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Explicação

Questão 100 de 100

1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four areas that a situation analysis gathers information in?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The problem, its severity and its causes

  • The people affected by the problem

  • The broad context in which the problem exists

  • Factors inhibiting or facilitating behavior change

  • Financial resources for potential interventions

Explicação