the study of the relationship between the amount of automobile emissions gases in the atmosphere and the decomposition of atmospheric ozone.

the design of new batteries for electric cars.

the study of the composition of the atom.

the development of new plastics that can be recycled.

the study of natural compounds in sea animals to look for new molecules that can be used for medicine.

Mg

Be

B

Na

C

You could adequately describe all of the topics by either model. The choice depends only on the characteristics requiring description.

physical model-gold coin, dollar bill, car engine; conceptual model-virus, air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease

conceptual model-gold coin, car engine, virus; physical model-air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease, dollar bill

physical model-gold coin, car engine, virus; conceptual model-air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease; dollar bill, which could represent wealth, may well be described by either model.

an electron

a proton

a neutron

A and B

B and C (a proton, a neutron)

Ca

Cl

Sr

Mn

none of the above

elements that have some properties like metals and some like nonmetals

elements that are smaller than metals

elements that have properties different than either the metals or the nonmetals

elements found in asteroids

elements that are larger than nonmetals

lithium (atomic no. = 3)

vanadium (atomic no. = 23)

gallium (atomic no. = 31)

selenium (atomic no. = 34)

potassium (atomic no. = 19)

No, because it would no longer be what it was

No, because there would be no molecules traveling to our nose.

Yes, but only if that body is sweating.

Yes, because it would still release photons.

lead (Pb)

xenon (Xe)

silver (Ag)

lithium (Li)

chlorine (Cl)

Electrons have a negative charge.

Electrons are particles.

Electrons in atoms can be excited by light energy.

Electrons behave like waves.

all of the above

3

24

6

All of the elements are the same.

physical; physical; chemical; physical

chemical; physical; chemical; chemical

chemical; physical; physical; physical

chemical; physical; chemical; physical

none

one

two

three

melting temperature

reactivity towards water

boiling temperature

conductivity

flexibility

sulfur (atomic no. = 16)

xenon (atomic no. = 54)

titanium (atomic no. = 22)

selenium (atomic no. = 34)

helium (atomic no. = 2)

Neutrons carry no electric charge and thus have a greater likelihood of passing through the tissue.

Neutrons are much smaller and lighter than protons and would do less damage.

Neutrons travel at reduced speed compared to the speed at which protons travel.

All of the above are reasons why neutrons are less harmful.

The electrons smoothly move from one orbit to the next.

It is a physical model.

The electrons orbit around the nucleus.

The energy difference between the orbits is continuous.

none of the above

an electron

a proton

a neutron

A and B

B and C

testing a safe, nontoxic mouse glue

testing the strength of a mouse cage

examining how quickly a trapdoor closes

examining why a mouse likes cheddar cheese more than swiss cheese

studying ways of catching mice safely

It is a particle.

Its energy comes in packets of uniform size.

It is a wave.

all of the above

none of the above

They have the same number of electrons.

Their outermost occupied shells are filled to capacity.

They occupy the same number of shells.

all of the above

calcium chloride

dicalcium chloride

carbon chloride

dichlorocalcium

calc two

Each component must correlate with a corresponding component of a physical model.

All components interact with each other.

The components have nothing in common. This is what differentiates a conceptual model from a physical model.

All components are mutually independent of each other.

the energy of a nucleus

the floor plan of a house

the behavior of schoolchildren

the weather

both A and B

lead (Pb)

lithium (Li)

argon (Ar)

indium (In)

cesium (Cs)

The dog is smelling molecules from the cat.

The cat is leading the dog into a trap.

The dog is smelling atoms from the cat

The dog is following the areas of increased density of the Earth.

ductile

malleable

good conductor of heat

poor conductor of electricity

shiny

fluorine sulphide

trifluorosulphide

sulfur trifluoride

sulfur fluoride

none of the above

No. The periodic table changes every year. Memorizing it would be a waste of time.

Yes. Without memorizing the periodic table, one would not have any real understanding of how and why chemical compounds are put together.

Yes. Like the alphabet, we need to memorize the periodic table in order to easily write the language of chemistry.

No. The periodic table is a reference to be used, not memorized.

perfume

sand

water

ice cream

All of the above

macroscopic

microscopic

submicroscopic

all of the above

none of the above

A

B

C

D

a physical change

no change

an elemental change

a chemical change

a change in state

Heat energy is speeding up the orbit of the electrons and the resulting Doppler shift causes light to be emitted from the electrons.

An electron is jumping from a low energy state to a high energy state with the difference in energy being converted to light.

Heat energy is converting a neutron into a proton and an electron, which is ejected into the orbit of the nucleus, releasing light energy.

An electron is dropping from a higher to a lower energy level with the difference in energy between the two being emitted as light.

A proton is undergoing a nuclear change in the nucleus and is emitting a high energy light wave in the process.

the lanthanides

the actinides

the halogens

all of the above

none of the above

24

54

26

none

whether a material will dissolve in acid or not

the tendency of a material to explode

the temperature at which a liquid will boil

whether a metal will rust or not

light sensitivity

compound

group

textbook

row

period

fragile

brittle

doesn't conduct electricity very well

conducts heat very well

transparent

element with the same number of protons but a different number of electrons

element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of electrons

element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons

none of the above

a loaf of bread growing mold

grass growing

a rock being crushed to powder

grape juice turning into wine

wood burning to ash

B

P

C

As

none of the above

the sum of the isotopes

the sum of the electrons and the neutrons

the number of protons

the sum of the protons and the neutrons

the sum of the electrons and the protons

Be

Sr

Ca

Mg

All are the same size.

a piece of metal expanding when heated, but returning to original size when cooled

aftershave or perfume on your skin generating a smell

water freezing into ice crystals

gasoline being used in the engine of a car producing exhaust

breaking a glass window

2

3

1

7

5

an elemental change

a chemical change

no change

a physical change

a change in reactivity

a physical change

a molecular change

a chemical change

a decomposition

none of the above

Yes, but that their properties are similar is only a coincidence.

Yes, and this explains how fish are able to breathe water.

No, compounds are uniquely different from the elements from which they're made.

No, but their similar properties are only a coincidence.

temperature at which a material melts

color

temperature at which a material catches on fire

conductivity

hardness

examining how susceptible a metal is to bending

determining how readily a metal corrodes in a wet environment

determining the lightest and strongest metal to be used for an airplane wing

determining the melting temperature of a metal

testing the strength of a piece of metal

a material that has consistent physical properties

a material with more than one type of atom

a material consisting of only one type of atom

a material that has consistent chemical properties

material that is pure

natural fosfate

nitrogen afleck

sodium fluoride

sodium phosphide

natrium fluoride

bendable

gas

solid

liquid

shiny

shiny

brittle

conducts electricity

a gas at room temperature

hard

It orbits around the nucleus of an atom.

It is a nucleon.

It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's.

It is attracted to negatively charged electrical plates.

It is much more massive than an electron.

Physical models and conceptual models can be used to describe the same things.

Physical models can only be used to represent the real world.

A physical model represents the shape and form while a conceptual model describes how a system behaves.

Conceptual models can only be used to describe concepts.

A conceptual model represents the shape and form while a physical model describes how a system behaves.

Au-2

Au

Re

Tl

Ir

an elemental change

a chemical change

no change

a physical change

a change in reactivity

4

7

24

2

3

A quantum is a wave of light while a packet of quanta equals one photon.

A quantum is a particle of light while a photon is a wave of light.

A quantum of light is actually one photon.

A quantum is a particle of light exactly one photon long.

A quantum of photons is equal to the wavelength.

Nucleons could be excited by different electron energies.

Any photon could excite an electron.

Only certain photons with the correct energy could excite the quanta in the nucleus.

Electrons could only move in discrete energy steps within an atom.

Electrons could not move in an atom.

iodine (I)

silicon (Si)

rhodium (Rh)

hydrogen (H)

helenium (Se)

Elements like dirt and air are so common that there is no need to list them in the periodic table.

Dirt IS listed in the periodic table but is not easily recognized because it is listed as one of the rare earths with its old scientific name, dysprosium, symbol Dy.

The periodic table lists only elements made of one kind of material. Dirt is a mixture of elements and compounds.

None of the above is true.

in group 2 of the periodic table.

soluble in water.

metals.

made of relatively large atoms.

carbon dioxide

calcium oxide

dicobalt

calcium dioxide

dioxocarbon

the volume of air in a balloon

the amount of water in a glass

the amount of time in an hour

the number of eggs in an egg carton

none of the above

It is the shell of electrons in element V (atomic no. = 23)

It is the last partially filled orbital in an atom.

It is the shell of electrons in an atom that is the least reactive.

It is the same as the orbital configuration.

It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.

Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size.

Protons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.

Electrons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.

Electrons contribute more to an atom's mass while protons contribute more to its size.

charcoal being converted into ash

a candy bar being digested by a student

iron metal reacting with oxygen to form rust

water boiling and being converted into steam

water being electrolyzed and being converted in hydrogen and oxygen

It depends upon their diet.

An elderly person because they have been around much longer.

They are of the same age, which is appreciably older than the solar system.

A baby because this is surely a trick question.

physical; physical; physical; physical

conceptual; conceptual; conceptual; conceptual

physical; conceptual; physical; conceptual

conceptual; physical; conceptual physical

the metal shift

a group conscience

periodicity (periodic trend)

the family cycle

none of the above

cerium (Cr)

argon (Ar)

lithium (Li)

lead (Pb)

indium (In)

only A

only B

only C

both A and C

Scientists have yet to make the precise measurements.

The atomic masses are average atomic masses.

Today's instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places.

That would be too much of a coincidence.

light

clouds

rain

trees

air

have a change in flavor.

become radioactive.

become arsenic.

expand and likely lodge in your throat.

a mixture of atoms

a material that is made up of a combination of atoms bonded together

a mixture of more than one element

a material that is made up of a single type of atom

none of the above

alkaline-earth metals

noble gases

heavy metals

transition metals

alkali metals

flammability

density

oxygen sensitivity

reactivity towards acid

corrosion resistance

Energy can be converted into matter through nuclear quanta.

Light is composed of waves that exist only at certain quantum fundamental frequencies.

Energy is composed of subatomic particles called quanta.

Energy is a continuum, but light is quantized.

Energy comes in discrete packets of a certain minimum size.

It is more difficult to detect than a proton or an electron.

It is a nucleon.

It is often associated with protons.

It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's.

It is much more massive than an electron.

a cell

an atom

ecosystem

rationality

both A and B

The nucleus of one atom attracts the nucleus of a neighboring atom to form a barrier.

The electrons on the atoms repel other electrons on other atoms when they get close.

The nucleus of one atom repels the nucleus of another atom when it gets close.

The electrons of one attract the nucleus of a neighboring atom to form a barrier.

An electron configuration is unique to each element, much like its atomic spectrum.

If the atom is electrically neutral, the number of electrons corresponds to the atom's atomic number.

The number of occupied shells corresponds to the atom's atomic number.

Using the periodic table, the outermost occupied shell indicates the group while the number of occupied shells indicates the period.

submicroscopic

microscopic

macroscopic

all of the above

none of the above

The neutron is nearly massless.

The discovery required the use of ultrafast computers.

The neutron is only slightly more massive than the proton.

The neutron lacks an electrical charge.

in group 2 of the periodic table.

soluble in water.

metals.

made of relatively large atoms.

Ar

Na

Br

S

O