is actually a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia which results from defect in secretion of insulin, action of insulin, or both

enzymes are responsible for the break down of gut incretins GLP-1 and GIP.

In glucose homeostasis, 40% of gluconeogeneiss occurs in the and reabsoprtion of glucose occurs in the .

Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes;

(1) A1C > %
(2) FPG > mg/dL
(3) 2-hr PG > mg/dL after a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

Children with BMI precentile of or greater should be considered for screening for T2DM

Fill in the appropriate values for the ACOG: Carpenter and Coustan 100mg OGTT 3hr (mg/dL) which is used in the diagnosis of GDM.

Fasting:
1 hour:
2 hours:
3 hours:

What are the glycemic goal for patients with GDM and preexisting DM?

(1) Fasting less than or equal to mg/dL
(2) 1-hr PP less than or equal to mg/dL
(3) 2-hr PP less than or equal to mg/dL

During pregnancy an A1C of % is the reccomeneded target in the second and third trimester but < % may be optimal.

Hypoglycemia is usually defined as < 70 mg/dl but in pregnancy BG is often allowed to be than mg/dL

is the first-line agent recommended for treatment of GDM in the U.S

may be inferior to metformin and insulin due to increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia and macrosomia

and are the only rapid-acting insulins approved during pregnancy

is the only long-acting basal insulin utilized to treat diabetes in pregnancy

What are the glucose levels for insulin initiation in GDM

Fasting PG less than or equal to mg/dL
1-hours postprandial plasma glucose less than or equal to mg/dL
2-hour postprandial plasma glucose less than or equal to mg/dL

Hypoglycemia is indicated with a BG of less than mg/dL

1) If blood glucose (BG) is less than 70 mg/dL, you should give grams of carbs and recheck the blood glucose after 15 minutes.

2) If blood glucose is less than 50 mg/dL , you should give grams of carbs and recheck the blood glucose after 15 minutes

In hospital care, treat if the blood glucose is above mg/dL with a goal between mg/dL.

Turn off insulin infusion hours after administration of SubQ basal insulin