Approximately this many deaths are caused by infectious diseases in first world countries in recent years.
6%
63%
0%
50%
Vaccines can be considered 'victims of their own success' because:
As a result of people not experiencing diseases that used to be common (such as pertussis), some people believe vaccination is unnecessary.
Vaccines are steadily increasing in cost, making them impossible to produce.
Vaccines have been making viruses stronger, ultimately hurting more people than they help.
Their success has caused them to grow complacent, and they don't work anymore.
Vaccines are completely safe, and never cause health issues.
The Cutter Incident was a tragedy wherein 40,000 people were infected, 200 children experienced paralysis and 10 died. This incident was related to the vaccine for:
Polio.
Measles.
Small pox.
Pertussis.
Diseases with vaccines may still have outbreaks.
Andrew Wakefield wrote a paper that heavily influenced many peoples' ideas about vaccinations. The summary of his paper is that:
The MMR vaccine causes gastrointestinal inflammation, which causes autism.
Vaccines are pivotal in maintaining herd immunity.
All vaccines are deadly.
The MMR vaccine saved his life.
In an allergic reaction, upon first exposure the tissue contacts allergens, and B cells produce IgE, which attaches to mast cells. This is called:
Reaction.
Degranulation.
Sensitization.
A Basophil.
After doing some work in the garden, Frederick is suffering from watery nasal discharge, sneezing, ichy throat and eyes, and excessive tear production. Based on these symptoms, Frederick likely has:
Hay fever.
Tetanus.
This must be involved in a reaction for it to be considered an allergic reaction.
IgE.
IgG.
Peanuts.
Skin rash.
Food allergies most commonly affect this group of people:
Children.
Older people.
Young adults.
Middle aged people.
Ali went into anaphylactic shock after coming into contact with peanuts. Ten minutes after using his epipen, he's feeling fine. He should follow this up by:
Going home and lying down.
Immediately seeking professional medical treatment.
Continuing with his daily activities; epinephrine will entirely handle the reaction.
Eating more peanuts.
One common treatment of allergies is immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is when:
The body becomes desensitized by allergen exposure.
All of the allergen's IgE is extracted from the body with a needle.
A doctor repeatedly induces medical anaphylactic shock until the patient stops responding.
The patient takes pills every day that make them immune to the allergen.
Some immunotherapy can be done at home, if the allergy is mild enough. Which of the following allergens should never be treated with immunotherapy at home?
Strawberries.
Milk.
Fur.
The Hygiene hypothesis suggests that:
People who don't shower have fewer allergic reactions.
The cleaner a person is, the stronger their immune system will be.
Exposure early in life to bacteria can reduce instances of allergy.
Rubbing dirt on the site of a reaction can help to reduce the reaction.
