What is the definition of symbolic annihilation?
Complete destruction of self
The way that women are represented by the media
Death
What did Tunstall argue??
The presentation of women in media is biased because it presents women as housewives and mothers
Women are only sexually objectified
Media presents women as tall 'mannequin' like figures
What did the 'Just the Women' report find?
Few media studies about women's abilities
Negative things were said about women
Women's issues were often covered in a very narrow and stereotyped way
What is the 'Metrosexual Male'?
Men who take care of their appearance in consumption of toiletries and fashion products
Men who love themselves too much
Men who are portrayed as fundamentally caring and generous
Which one ISN'T a dominant representation of masculinity?
Males are violent
Males earn the most money and run the household
Men are funny, confident and successful
Men are strong and rarely cry or show vulnerability
What did McNamara claim about the media's representation of men?
It presents them to be violent and irresponsible
It disregards men's successes and acomplishments
It failed to show the reality of masculine life
What does Gauntlett claim about media aimed at women?
Magazines create a stereotypical idea of how women should look, making them feel bad about themselves
Magazines for young women emphasise women must do their own thing and be themselves
Which sociologists argued that in new media and digital technology, women are MOST empowered?
Gauntlett
Watson
Green and Singleton
Are postmodernists such as Gauntlett positive or negative about representations of gender and why?
Negative - the differing representations between men and women and the stereotypical views take us back steps and creates inequality.
Positive - he focuses on the relationship between the mass media and identity and argues that in contrast with the past, there is no straightforward idea of the representation of femininity or masculinity
What else does Gauntlett argue?
Mass media today actually challenges traditional definitions of gender and is a force for change
Women who do not fit the traditional views,
Pluralists claim the concept of symbolic annihilation underestimates women's ability to see through gender stereotyping and manipulation
What do Batchelor et al's study on sexuality find?
Contraception was only presented as a woman's responsibility
There was a lack of positive images of lesbian and gay teenagers and a failure to represent sexual diversity
Both!
Females were more interested in sex and bragged to their friends, whereas males were more interested in emotions
Which sociologist found that being gay was not generally integrated into mainstream media representations?
Dyer
Batchelor
Glaad
How is homosexuality represented in TV dramas and media?
As the most important subject of the episode, as it needs more light brought into it
As embarrassment or target for bullying
Research by LGBT.co.uk and Stonewall concluding the LGBT community is undergoing better changes, drawing attention to representation of sexuality in media.
How may lesbianism be represented in media?
Negatively
Overly masculine
Oversexualised
How many hours of programming were focused on LGBT issues according to Stonewall (2011) ?
5 hours and 43 minutes out of 126 hours
3 hours and 21 minutes out of 126 hours
Gay men are often presented as a bitchy or feminine figure in media
What did a BBC survey (2010) discover about the portrayal of lesbians?
Narrow representation, either represented as butch or 'lipstick lesbians'
Homophobia was emphasised towards them
They were often portrayed for the benefit of male viewers
What do the following TV shows have in common: Grey's Anatomy, Glee, Orange is the New Black and Ugly Betty
Large proportion of gay characters
Media representations of transgender characters
Extreme Buddhism
How many tweets in 2015 highlighted the support for the LGBT community using the hashtag '#lovewins'?
3.9 million
2.4 million
10.3 million
3.6 million
What are the two sociological views of disability in media?
Physical/Mental impairments and the view that the disabled are disabled by society
They're represented as super-human, or weak
What did Colin Barnes and Tom Shakespeare suggest?
Media represents the disabled as weak
Media represents the disabled as evil
Disabled are disabled by society
Which one isn't one of Barnes' recurring stereotypes of disabled people?
Pitiable and pathetic
Curio
Evil
Sexually abnormal
Incapable of participating in anything 'normal'
Unintelligent
Super cripples
Who argued that telethons such as Children in need rely too heavily on cute children to raise money and don't truly represent the disabled
Barnes
Roper
Findlay
Oliver
