5.2.2 Respiration

What is the need for the cellular respiration?

What biological processes are driven by ATP?

Explain the structure of ATP

How does ATP release energy?

Which cells are mitochondria present in?

Length of mitochondria

Name 4 features of mitochondria

What makes up the mitochondrial envelope?

cristae

intermembrane space

mitochondrial matrix

What does the mitochondrial membrane contain?

oxaloacetate

Draw a mitochondrion

glycolysis

NAD

Role of NAD in glycolysis

Role of reduced NAD in aerobic resiration

3 stages of glycolysis

Explain phosphorylation in glycolysis

Hexose bisphosphate is made during the first stage of glycolysis. What happens next?

What happens to triose phosphate in glycolysis?

Products of glycolysis for 1 glucose molecule

Draw a diagram to explain glycolysis.

Where does the link reaction occur?

Where does glycolysis occur?

What is the reaction after glycolysis in aerobic respiration called?

Explain the link reaction.

Role of acetyl CoA

For every molecule of glucose, what does the link reaction produce?

Draw a summary diagram of the link reaction

What happens in aerobic respiration after the link reaction?

Where does the krebs cycle occur?

Explain the krebs cycle.

For every molecule of glucose, the krebs cycle produces .......

Draw a diagram of the Krebs cycle

Oxidative phosphorylation

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

What structures does oxidative phosphorylation involve and where are they?

Chemiosmosis

Explain oxidative phosphorylation.

First step of oxidative phosphorylation

What happens to the hydrogen atoms in oxidative phosphorylation once they leave red NAD and red FAD?

Once hydrogen is split into protons and electrons in oxidative phosphorylation, what happens to the electrons?

Once hydrogen is split into protons and electrons in oxidative phosphorylation, what happens to the protons?

What is the final stage of oxidative phosphorylation?

Explain chemiosmosis in oxidative phosphorylation.

1 molecule of glucose in oxidative phosphorylation produces ....

Draw a table of the stages of aerobic respiration, what the products are in each stage and how many ATP molecules this makes.

1 molecule of glucose theoretically produces ____ ATP molecules

Why isn't the yield of ATP as high as the theoretical yield for aerobic respiration?

Explain why aerobic respiration can't occur without oxygen.

Can glycolysis occur without oxygen?

How can red NAD be reoxidised without aerobic respiration?

What are the anaerobic respiration pathways? For which organisms?

Explain what the products are of anaerobic respiration and which stage of respiration they came from.

Explain the ethanol fermentation pathway.

Explain the lactate fermentation pathway.

Draw a diagram to explain the lactate fermentation pathway.

Draw a diagram to explain the ethanol fermentation pathway.

Explain what happens to the lactic acid in your muscles after anaerobic respiration.

What happens to the lactate stored in the liver from anaerobic respiration when there is more oxygen present?

Explain an experiment with yeast to investigate aerobic respiration?

Explain an experiment with yeast to investigate anaerobic respiration?

Explain how fatty acids can be used in aerobic respiration.

Explain how glycerol can be used in aerobic respiration.

Explain how amino acids can be used in aerobic respiration.

Explain how carbohydrates can be used in aerobic respiration.

Explain how proteins can be used in aerobic respiration.

Can proteins be respired anaerobically?

Respiratory substrate

Are all respiratory substrate the same energy value?

Put these in order of energy value, highest to lowest: protein, carbohydrate, protein

Why are lipids the highest energy value?

What order do our bodies respire respiratory substrates?

cardiac muscles only respire ____

respiratory quotient

formula for respiratory quotient

What does it mean if an organisms respiratory quotient is higher than 1?

respiratory quotient of carbohydrates

Respirometer

Explain briefly how a respirometer works.

Describe how to set up a respirometer

Draw a diagram of a respirometer.

Explain how a respirometer can be used to investigate yeast respiration.

Explain how a respirometer can be made more accurate and reliable results.