In carcinogenesis... Initiation _____ Progression
Promotion
Prominent
Prometric
Altered DNA bases (mutations) are the basis of cellular changes that cause cancer. True or False?
True
False
"New Growth" - abnormal and continued growth of cells which are no longer subject to homeostatic controls typical or normal tissue... this definition best describes...
Oncogene
Neoplasm
Leukaemia
Which 3 of the following influences Tumour Growth Rate?
The rate new cells replace old cells
Space
Blood Supply
Hormone levels (hormone-dependent tumours)
"A type of specific unresponsiveness to an antigen. It is induced but the exposure of specific lymphocytes to that antigen"
What does this best describe?
Autoimmunity
Cancer
Tolerance
Peripheral tolerance occurs in...
lymph nodes
lymph follicles in tonsils, payer's patches, spleen, adenoids, skin
arms, legs, hands and feet
Self Tolerance describes....
A normal individual who is tolerant of their own antigens
An autoimmune individuals who is tolerant of their own antigens
A normal individual who is tolerant of foreign antigens
Two signals are required for full T cell activation. What are the sources of these signals?
The Antigen
The MHC
The APC
The YMCA
Which of the following are features of Central Tolerance?
Apoptotic cell death
In the thyroid and bone marrow
Deleting those immature cells that have a strong affinity for self antigens
Negative Selection
In the thymus and bone marrow
No apoptosis occurs
"The immune system constantly looks for abnormal cells, eliminating cancer cells that arise. Some cancer cells may evade this immune system process and develop into tumours."
What does this describe?
Immune Surveillance Theory
Carcinogenesis
Mutagenic effect
