Biology is ______________________.
Mostly a collection of facts that can be ordered and memorized
the study of living things
a separate branch of science from the study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environment
Both a) and b) are true
A buffer is a chemical that:
can quickly absorb H+ ions to keep a solution from becoming too acidic
can quickly release H+ ions to counteract any increases in the OH- concentration in a solution
Is identical to baking soda
restore the pH of a solution to 7.0
a) and b) are both true
Pure water and aqueous solutions that are neither acidic nor basic are said to be:
Buffers
Neutral
Translucent
Transparent
Alkaline
The nucleus of an atom is usually made up of:
protons, neutrons, and proteins that hold them together
Protons, which have positive electrical charge, and proteins, which hold them together
neutrons, which have no electrical charge
protons, that which a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no electrical charge
A solution's acidity is:
a measure of its negative charge (the stronger the negative charge, the more acidic the substance)
a measure of the number of nucleotide bases in the solution
a measure of the amount of buffer molecules in the solution
a measure of the number of all dissolved molecules in a solution
a measure of the H+ (free floating protons) in it
The pH of a fluid is a measure of:
its capacity to function as a soap
how acidic or basic it is
the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in it
its enzymatic stability
the concentration of phosphate groups
Multiple atoms linked together are collectively called:
a molecule
an element
a reactant
a substance
an isotope
Helium is not a reactive molecule because:
its first-level shell is full with two protons
its second-level shell is full with two electrons
its first-level shell is full with two neutrons
its first-level shell is full with two electrons
Helium is a reactive molecule
Which of the following molecules is NOT formed by covalent bonding?
NaCl
H2
H2O
CH4
O2
All matter on earth, both living and nonliving, is made up of:
carbohydrates
atoms
DNA
cells
phospholipids
There are three principal types of bonds that hold multiple atoms together.
hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and glycosidic linkages
covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds
covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bonds
ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ester bonds
phosphate bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrogen bonds
Water molecules form which type of bond with other water molecules?
disulfide bridges
ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
covalent bonds
Van der waals bonds
An atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing:
a neutron
an orbital shell
an electron
a proton
______________________ is the smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance
an atom
an amino acid
a cell
which five chemical elements make up 93-97% of the biomass in plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria?
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, potassium, nitrogen
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorous
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, potassium
The number of protons in an element, also called its _____________, identifies the element.
nucleus
atomic number
ion
charge
atomic weight
Biology is to science as _______________ is to ____________________.
college baseball; professional baseball
basketball; sports
American soccer; European football
baseball; tennis
the home team; the visiting team
An element:
is a substance that cannot be broken down chemically into any other substance
is an atom that has lost a proton or an electron
must occur naturally on earth somewhere
is a component of an atom
All of the above are true
All of the following are elements of biological literacy EXCEPT:
the ability to communicate with others about issues having a biological component
the ability to use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues having a biological component
the ability to integrate thoughts about issues having a biological component into your decision-making
the ability to write clearly and precisely about your observations, data gathering. and conclusions
all of the above are elements of biological literacy
Biological literacy is the ability to:
use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real-world issues that have a biological component
communicate ideas about biology to others
integrate ideas about biology into your decision making
all of the above are components of biological literacy
only b) and c) are components of biological literacy
Thinking scientifically relies on which of the following?
objective observation and experimentation
learning a list of facts
intuition
applying your preconceptions
statements from authorities
Which of the following terms and phrases best describes the application of scientific purposes?
deduction
technology
junk science
statistics
pseudoscience
Statistical methods make it possible to:
unambiguously learn the truth
choose the best answer to value-based questions
test non-falsifiable hypotheses
determine how likely it is that certain results may have occurred by chance
reject any hypothesis
The scientific method will never prove or disprove:
the existence of God
the beauty of Shakespeare's sonnets
the ability of echinacea to prevent the common cold
all of the above are examples of statements that the scientific method will never prove or disprove
only a) and b) are examples of statements that the scientific method will never prove or disprove
Scientific data:
must be collected in laboratories
cannot be collected in a completely unbiased way
are used to support or refute a hypothesis
are always true
all of the above are true
A scientific theory is one that:
is supported by many years of experimentation all supporting the hypothesis
is based on hunches with no actual supporting evidence
sounds the most plausible
is the result of all scientific experiments
changes each time a different observation is made
Despite all of the intellectual analyses the scientific method gives rise to and objective conclusions it makes possible, it CANNOT:
affect one's opinions about social issues
generate new hypothesis
reject false claims
aid in technical advances
generate moral statements
Carbohydrates:
act as a relatively quick available source of fuel
serve as carbon skeletons that can be rearranged to form other molecules that are essential for biological structures and functions like nucleic acids
in the form of oligosaccharides are often covalently bonded to proteins and lipids on the outer cell surface, where they serve as cell recognition signals
are a good source of sustained energy when they come in the form of polysaccharides
all of the above
The figure represents which class of chemical compounds?
fats
acids
sterols
proteins
The secondary structure of a protein refers to:
the linear assembly of amino acids into a chain
the way two or more polypeptides bind to each other
the twisting of the amino acids chain into a corkscrew - like shape or into a zigzag folding pattern
the configuration of the folded protein when bounded to other proteins
none of the above is correct
Organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon are called:
enantiomers
hydrocarbons
hydroxyls
An unsaturated fatty acid in one in which:
carbon-carbon double bonds are present in the hydrocarbon chain
not all of the carbons in the hydrocarbon chain are bonded to hydrogen atoms
there is an odd number of subunits in the hydrocarbon chain
there is an even number of subunits in the hydrocarbon chain
carbon-carbon double bounds are not present i the hydrocarbon chain
Glycogen belongs in the class of molecules known as:
amino acids
monosaccharides
polysaccharides
nucleic acids
Phospholipids assemble spontaneously into bilayers driven by the attraction of their "tail" portions to each other and of their "head" portions to each other. The tail regions are:
hydrophilic
cohesive
hydrophobic
molecularly charged
adhesive
If your hypothesis is rejected then,
you may still have learned something important about the system you were testing
you should change the level of statistical significance until your hypothesis is accepted
your experiment was poorly designed
your experiment was a success
your experiment was a failure
On food packages, "insoluble fiber" refers to plant material that we can't fully digest but is important for maintaining a healthy digestive tract. This substance refers to a(n):
amino acid
carbohydrate
protein
lipid
nucleic acid
When conducting a scientific experiment, which of the following is tested?
a prediction
a result
a theory
a question
an observation
Phenylketonuria is an inherited disorder. Affected individuals have a defective enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase. The substance these individuals cannot break down is a(n)
Lactose is a combination of:
glucose and ribose
sucrose and fructose
glucose and galactose
glucose and maltose
glucose and fructose
A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and _________________________, all linked together by covalent bonds.
a triglyceride
a polypeptide
a phosphorus-containing base
a potassium-containing base
a nitrogen-containing base
DNA is made of:
nucleotides
four interconnected carbon rings
glucose molecules
fatty acids
Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?
enzymes are permanently changed when they take place in a chemical reaction
enzymes are proteins
enzymes speed up chemical reaction
enzymes often induce shape changes in the molecules to which they bind
enzymes help initiate chemical reations
One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA is replaced by a different base in RNA. Which base is it, and what is it replaced by?
cytosine, replaced by guanine
guanine, replaced by cytosine
thymine, replaced by guanine
thymine, replaced by uracil
adenine, replaced by uracil
Enzymes:
catalyze reactions that release energy, but not those that consume energy
sometimes increase the amount of energy necessary to initiate a reaction
reduce the energy released by a reaction by one of four different mechanisms
are always consumed by catalyzing a reaction
increase the rate at which a reaction occurs
Which of the following nucleotide bases are present in equal amounts in DNA?
thymine and cytosine
adenine and guanine
adenine and cytosine
thymine and guanine
adenine and thymine
Which type of macromolecules is an informational molecule?
fatty acid
polysaccharide
monosaccharide
An amino acid is to a polypeptide as:
testosterone is to a steroid hormone
a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid
triglycerides are to fats
a phospholipid is to a plasma membrane
glycogen is to glucose
Scientific study always begins with:
hypotheses
experiments
conclusions
predictions
observations
In a well-designed experiment:
the prediction will be highly probable if the explanation is true
the prediction will be highly improbable if the explanation is not true
the null hypothesis will not be tested
the prediction will most likely be true
a) and b) are both correct
