Criminal Justice Test #3

It is the territory, subject matter, or people over which a court or other justice agency may exercise lawful authority, as determined by a statute or constitution

It is the provision which allows courts to grant pretrial release of a criminal defendant on his or her written promise to appear in court as required

It is the formal written accusation submitted to a court by a grand jury, alleging that a specified person who has committed a specified offense.

It is the power of a court to review only the actions and decisions made by other agencies of government

centralizing a state court authority

centralizing court structure

consolidating courts with overlapping jurisdictions

combining original and appellate jurisdiction

Matt appeals in a higher court against a lower court's decision in favor of his landlord

A court of appeals upholds Carlos' conviction in a sexual harassment case by a state trial court

Brian is arrested for identity theft and is tried in a state trial court

Mary approaches a state supreme court to review the state trial court's decision to charge her with grand larceny

Sean is charged with aggravated assault for physically abusing his wife

Jacob is arrested for raping and killing a ten-year-old girl

Robert is caught stealing groceries from a local store

Leslie is arrested for using illegal drugs

Arraignment

Judicial review

Original jurisdiction

Jurisprudence

signature bond

deposit bail

release on recognizance

conditional release

an unsecured bond

a property bond

a deposit bail

a third-party custody

Deborah, an accused in a robbery case, is released on a deposit bail

William, an accused in a murder case, is arrested and immediately presented before a magistrate. The magistrate informs William of his rights.

Arun, an accused in a homicide case, is presented before a trial court with original jurisdiction for the first time. The judge allows him to enter a plea.

Santiago, an accused in a rape case, is released when his attorney gives assurance that Santiago will appear in court as required.

adjudication

arraignment

plea

bail

courts of last resort

trial courts of general jurisdiction

intermediate appellate courts

district courts

12

10

6

60

trial courts of limited jurisdiction

trial courts of general jurisdiction

appellate courts

special-purpose courts

information

plea

arraignment

bail

unsecured bond

property bond

deposit bail

signature bond

The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest federal court

The U.S. Supreme Court consists of nine justices

The U.S. Supreme Court wields immense power

The U.S. Supreme Court justices serve for eight years

arraignment

indictment

assessment

enforcement

overlapping jurisdiction

limited jurisdiction

appellate jurisdiction

original jurisdiction

special jurisdiction

original jurisdiction

appellate jurisdiction

limited jurisdiction

Be above the age of 35

hold a law degree

be a licensed attorney

be a member of his or her state bar association

public defender

prosecutor

private attorney

bailiff

Sean, who represents a state's case against Rick, a defendant, in a state court.

Roger, a practicing criminal attorney, is appointed by a state trial court to represent a defendant in a murder case.

Nadia, a partner in a law firm, represents a defendant in a case of embezzlement.

Farah, who is employed by a state, represents a defendant who cannot afford a lawyer in a rape case.

juror

victim

lay witness

defendant

The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

Judicial review

Warrant

Verdict

Factual guilt

trial initiation

jury deliberation

judge's charge to the jury

presentation of opening statements

A defense attorney argues that the pool from which potential jurors are selected for a discrimination case is under representative of minority communities.

A defense attorney claims that a potential juror who was a victim of rape is likely to be partial against the defendant in a rape case.

A defense attorney dismisses two potential women jurors from a case involving a bank robbery without giving a reason.

A prosecuting attorney dismisses four potential jurors from a shoplifting case without giving any reason.

the use of coercive interrogation techniques

careful investigation and sharing of information

open combat between victim and accused

a free and open competition over who has the correct facts

strict adherence to procedure

having flexible procedural rules

better policing

allowing judges to play a greater role in the proceedings

careful investigation and sharing of information

the use of coercive interrogation techniques

open combat between victim and accused

a free and open competition over who has the correct facts

judges/lawyers

lawyers/doctors

lawyers/judges

used car salesmen/lawyers

peremptory challenges

challenges for cause

challenges to the array

challenges for knowledge

defense attorney

victim

judge

prosecuting attorney

district attorney

assigned counsel

state's attorney

solicitor

instruction to meet the needs of trial judges

determination of the defendant's guilt or innocence

cooperation and communication with the police

recognition of informal rules of civility

broadcast of in-camera trials

media coverage of proceedings

movement of a trial to another location

broadcast of civil proceedings

circumstantial evidence

exculpatory evidence

testimonial evidence

real evidence

jury selection, trial initiation, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict

opening statements, jury selection, presentation of evidence, trial initiation, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict

trial initiation, jury selection, opening statements, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, the judge's charge to the jury, jury deliberations, the verdict

the judge's charge to the jury, jury selection, opening statements, trial initiation, presentation of evidence, closing arguments, jury deliberations, the verdict

the court administrator

the clerk of court

the bailiff

the court recorder

an adversarial system

a public defender system

the court system

the grand jury system

private counsel

public counsel

opposing counsel

assigned counsel

The law has clogged courts to the point that judges have filed lawsuits

The law was supported by 98% of all law enforcement officers in California

The law has resulted in more police officers being killed as two-strike offenders seek to avoid a third strike

The law has not strained the state budget or overcrowded prisons

The law increased the general public's fear of crime

The Court ruled that it is neither cruel nor unusual to impose a life sentence for a nonviolent felony when the offender has a history of serious convictions

The Court decided to remain silent with regard to three strikes laws; instead, it deferred to the states to determine what was cruel or unusual

The Court ruled that it was cruel and unusual to include misdemeanors as one of the three strikes

The Court ruled that three strikes laws, in and of themselves, are inherently violations of the Eighth Amendment

The Court ruled that it is a violation of the Eighth Amendment to impose a life sentence for a nonviolent felony, regardless of an offender's history

African-Americans and American Indians were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled

Hispanic-Americans were more likely than other groups to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled

African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled

Whites and Hispanics were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled

Whites were more likely than others to receive third-strike sentences, even when legally relevant variables were controlled

One million

Two-hundred thousand

Five million

Two million

all treatment programs are effective in reducing recidivism

treatment programs don't work

treatment programs don't work and offenders will all reoffend

some treatment programs work and some don't

Sexual acts with children

Sexual contact with children

Urinating in public

a and b only

all of the above

500,000

Nearly 750,000

Two million

One million

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

Victims' Rights and Protection Act of 2008

Victims of Crime Act of 1984

Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982

indeterminate sentencing

determinate sentencing

quasi-independent sentencing

contemporary sentencing

restitution

fine

probation

imprisonment

Gregg v. Georgia

Baze v. Rees

Furman v. Georgia

Atkins v. Virginia

appellate courts

jures, not judges

high courts

judges, not juries

inmate's behavior while incarcerated

leniency of the parole board

leniency of the judge

pressure from politicians

retribution

deterrence

incapacitation

restoration

the judge

the parole board

the governor

the prosecutor

unforeseen

aggravating

mitigating

compensatory

restoration

rehabilitation

mitigation

incapacitation