Omtenta VT16 Environmental Psychology

Because he encouraged researchers to approach their target phenomenon from the point of view of "psychological ecology", by studying "nonpsychological" data to find out what they mean for the boundary conditions of the life of the individual or group.

Because he called attention to the manner in which behavior corresponds closely with the physical arrangements in specific behavior settings.

Because he challenged the notion that psychological research is best done in a laboratory and called on researchers to study the behavior of people as they act in the environments of everyday life, in naturally occurring events.

Because he convincingly argued that people's behavior in an environment cannot be understood without referring to differences between people, as with personality.

Because he encouraged researchers to approach their target phenomenon from the point of view of "psychological ecology", by studying "nonpsychological data to find out what they mean for the boundary conditions of the life of the individual or group.

Because he was the teacher of Kurt Lewin.

Because he emphasized the contributions made by both the distinctive individual person and the environment to behavior, B = f(P,E).

Because he argued that psychology has to view the life space, including the person and his or her environment, as one field.

None of the above

Behavioral scientists can contribute to the process with to user-needs analysis.

Eventual users of the planned building contribute to the design process.

It is informed by on-going design research and post-occupancy evaluations.

It is meant to expand the power of professionals like architects to determine the form of the built environment.

It includes a range of techniques, from energy assessment to water consumption analyses to interviews and surveys carried out with the occupants of the building.

It ordinarily focuses on specific cases and is intended to identify and solve problems.

It is not primarily concerned with estimates of the strength of relationships between environmental variables and behavior that can be generalized to a broad population.

Results of POEs sometimes do not get published because the people responsible for the design of the building are embarrassed about how poorly their new building performs. Thus, designers do not learn from past mistakes, and those mistakes get repeated.

It can help to gain insights on possible modifications of a building or constructed setting.

It may take into consideration a wide range of criteria for building success. such as the amount of energy used by occupants as well as occupant satisfaction.

Access and cooperation from the occupants is necessary for a POE to go ahead.

In the best case it is incorporated in a cyclic process through which it informs the design and construction of similar projects in the future.

The study of a possible association between urbanization and psychopathology is complicated by variation across studies in definitions of "urban" and "rural."

Looking at studies of mood disorders, they found that many of the available studies did not find a difference between the rural and urban areas under consideration.

Although some studies did find greater odds of mood disorders for the people in the urban areas under study, the overall effect suggested that mood disorders were more prevalent among people living in rural areas.

The study of a possible association between urbanization and psychopathology is complicated by variation across places and times in diagnoses and measures of psychological disorders.

The study of a possible association between urbanization and psychopathology is complicated by variation across places in how urbanization is expressed in changes in the physical environment.

None of the above is true.

Playfulness

Fractal imagery

People-watching

Public solitude

Perceptual innuendo

Public sociability

In the ERIM, demands are seen to come from within the person as well as from external sources, while in the DCM demands are seen as having an external source.

According to the ERIM, heavy demands will do less harm to a person if he or she is rewarded fairly, while according to the DCM, heavy demands will do less harm if the person can exercise control over how he or she carries out the work.

The ERIM emphasizes the importance of hard work being recognized with an appropriate reward, whereas the DCM model does not so much concern itself with reciprocity between an employer and a worker.

The importance of individual differences is recognized in the DCM with the concept of personal need for control, or critical coping, whereas the ERIM pays little attention to individual differences.

Control in the ERIM includes control over the continuity of rewards that come with being employed, while in the DCM control refers to the control over how tasks are done.

All of the above are true.

noise --> overload --> performance of complex tasks

noise --> arousal --> performance of simple tasks

noise --> overload --> insensitivity to social cues

noise --> arousal --> performance of complex tasks

High percentages of workers expressed dissatisfaction with sound privacy if they worked in an open-plan office.

Dissatisfaction with the workplace environment overall was lowest among those in enclosed private offices.

Occupants in open-plan offices are more satisfied with the ease of interaction with co-workers than people who work in other kinds of offices, and this more than compensates for any negative impacts of the open-plan layout on impaired privacy and noise.

The percentage of workers who expressed dissatisfaction with ease of interaction was very high in all office types.

floor level -› amount of social interaction -› symptoms of depression

housing quality -› self-esteem -› identification

housing location -› access to social support -› life opportunities

floor level -› gender -› sense of control

floor level -› access to outdoor play -› child development

floor level -› gender -› child development

All of the above

There are many experimental studies in which people have been randomly assigned to live several years in poor versus good quality housing; however, such studies have rarely controlled for important individual differences such as age and gender.

People may exaggerate their health problems when an intervention offers the possibility of a move into better housing, so that subsequent improvement in health is overstated.

People in poor health may move into poor quality housing.

Poverty may mean that a person only has access to poor quality housing, but poverty may also negatively affect health in ways other than through poor housing.