Cardiovascular System- Physiology PMU- 2nd Year 2nd Sem

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The pacemaker of the heart is normally the:

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In electrocardiogram (ECG) the QRS complex represents:

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An ECG would be useful for determining a patient's:

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Cardiac output (C.O.) is the:

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According to the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart

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Distinguishing characteristics of the veins include the following

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During exercise, there is an increased flow of blood to

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Which of the following does not contribute to the increased stroke volume (SV) during exercise

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The aortic valve

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In humans, blood loss causes

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Angiotensin ll:

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Which of the following organs has the greatest blood flow per 100 g of tissue?

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If the heart rate is 70 beats/min, then cardiac output is closer to:

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The ventricles are completely depolarized during which portion of the ECG?

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Cardiac output (CO) of the right heart is what percentage of that of the left?

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The action potential corresponds to which portion of the ECG?

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Which effects are caused by sympathetic stimulation?

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Which are the peculiarities of the action potential in cardiac muscle?

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Excitation from SA node to AV node is conducted by:

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When are all four valves closed?

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Effects of hypokalaemia:

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Hyperkalaemia:

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Left ventricular end-diastolic volume is:

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Local metabolic control is most important in determining flow to the:

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The atrial component of ventricular filling is:

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The lowest intrinsic discharge activity resides in the:

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Slowest conduction (velocity) occurs in the:

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Which one of the following causes vasodilatation:

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The highest oxygen extraction is found in the:

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The fastest conduction velocity is found in the:

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Oxygen consumption at rest is the highest in the:

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Coronary blood flow is:

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The velocity of blood flow is greatest in:

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Arterial baroreceptor afferents:

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Isovolumetric contraction is associated with:

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Baroreceptors are not located in:

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The volume of blood is the greatest in the:

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The standard ECG setting is:

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Long term control of tissue blood flow includes:

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Turbulence is more likely with:

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The following would directly increase heart rate

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At any given time the largest amount of blood in the body is carried by:

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The pacemaker of the heart is:

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The T wave in an ECG indicates:

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End diastolic volume in human is about

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Major functions of the lymphatic system are?

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Blood pressure is the measure of:

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Systolic Pressure is:

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The working myocardium:

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The heart rate at rest is:

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The full compensatory pause is typical of:

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The duration of the cardiac cycle depends on:

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The rhythm of the heart is determined by:

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The increased heart rate is called:

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When the rhythm is determined by the AV node, the heart rate is:

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Automaticity is characteristic of:

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The action potential of the cardiomyocytes passes through:

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P wave of the electrocardiogram reflects:

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Asynchronic contraction of the ventricles:

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In the complete atriovenrticular block:

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The stroke volume of the heart at rest is:

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The electrical axes of the heart is determined by:

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The augmented unipolar leads are

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The auscultation of the mitral valve is performed at:

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The phase 'plateau' of the cardiomyocytes action potentials is due to:

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The extrasystoles are:

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The electrical axes of the heart is of the indifferent type when the angle with the isoelectric line is:

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Which of the following is not a vasoconstrictor:

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At rest the diastolic arterial pressure is:

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Which of the following doesn't affect blood pressure:

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Throughout the isovolumetrtc relaxation of the ventricles:

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The first heart sound is:

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Cardiac output (C.O.) depends on:

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The intracardial regulation of the heart is carried out by:

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The heart stops in diastole because of:

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The peripheral chemoreceptors trigger:

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The pulse pressure is:

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The cardiovascular center is situated in:

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In the pulmonary circulation blood leaves the:

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In the systemic circulation, blood leaves the:

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The cardiac cycle includes all of the following events except:

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Which of the following chemicals does not regulate blood pressure?

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Exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the main function of:

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Arterial blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following?

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The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body empties into the:

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The pacemaker of the heart is the;

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The tricuspid valve is located between the:

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When the mitral valve closes, it prevents the backflow of blood from the:

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The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardial cells are called:

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The myocardium functions as a functional syncytium due to:

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Autorhythmic cardiac cells are found In all the following location except the:

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Coronary blood flow to the left ventricle increases during:

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Local metabolic activity is the chief factor determining the rate of blood flow to the:

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The pressure:

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The second heart sound differs from the first heart sound in that it is

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Pulmonary vascular resistance is

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Veins:

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In the heart:

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When measuring blood pressure by the auscultatory method:

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The absolute refractory period in the ventricles:

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Vascular resistance:

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Sympathetic drive to the heart is increased:

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Hyperaemia in skeletal muscle during exercise is normally associated with:

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Sinuatrial node cells are:

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The first heart sound corresponds in time with:

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The velocity of blood flow:

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The strength of contraction of left ventricular muscle increases when:

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During isometric ventricular contraction:

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Cardiac output:

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In the brachial artery:

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Arterioles offer more resistance to flow than other vessels since they have:

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In the denervated heart, left ventricular stroke work increases when:

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With increasing distance from the heart, arterial:

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In the estimation of cardiac output using the Fick principle:

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Systemic hypertension may be caused by:

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Peripheral differs from central circulatory failure in that:

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In atrial fibrillation:

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Pain due to poor coronary blood flow (angina) may be relieved by:

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Aortic valve incompetence may cause:

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Ventricular extrasystoles:

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Pulmonary embolism (blood clots impacting in lung blood vessels) usually decreases:

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Hardening of the arterial walls tends to raise:

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Left ventricular failure tends to cause an increase in:

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In otherwise healthy people, local tissue death follows obstruction of:

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The part of the circulation pumping blood to and from the lungs is known as the _____ circulation.

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The plateau phase of the action potential in contractile myocardiocytes is due to:

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The valve between the right ventricle and the vessel that leaves it is the _____ valve.

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If the connections between the parasympathetic division of the ANS and the heart were cut, then

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Fenestrated capillaries:

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Absolute refractory period in the heart:

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First heart sound occurs during the period of:

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Which of these vessels does not have sympathetic control:

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Blood brain barrier is made up of:

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Positive bathmotropic effect on heart is produced by:

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Which of the following conducting systems has the slowest conducting velocity:

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In heart, within physiological limits the force of contraction is directly proportional to the:

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The diacrotic notch on aortic pressure curve is caused by:

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The PR interval of ECG corresponds to:

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Increased vagal tone causes:

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Which of the following is not increased during exercise;

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Which of the following takes longest time to return to normal after 1L of blood is removed from a normal individual:

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In a patient with mitral stenosis one would expect to hear:

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The ‘S' wave in ECG is below isoelectric line because of:

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Lymph flow from the foot is:

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The "T" wave in ECG is above the isoelectric line because of:

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Restoration of the blood volume after haemorrhage is aided by: