contributing to the success of loophole politics prior to passage of the 1986 tax bill was the
strong support of policy entrepreneurs such as ralph nader
existence of tariff revenues to offset lost through deductions
decentralized structure of congress
existence of low marginal rates to offset revenues lost through deductions
strong support of the conservative coalition and ralph nader
monetarists recommend that government increase the money supply at a rate equal to the
growth in unemployment
growth in credit
drop in wages
growth in productivity
drop in the rate of inflammation
an economist regards the free market as too dependable to ensure economic efficiency and suggest government control over it. the economist is recommending what type of economic policy?
Keynesian
supply-side
credit-based
monetarist
planning
the pocketbook issue tends to preoccupy politicians most
early in a presidential term
when the economy is doing poorly
just before elections
toward the end of a session of congress
when presidential popularity is at its peak
supply-side economics advocate that government
interfere less in the economy
control both prices and wages
control wages more than prices
control prices more than wages
the gramm-rudman act was passed by congress to
eliminate deficit spending
give more authority to the OMB
eliminate the balance of trade deficit
fine tune the existing budget procedures
eliminate tax cuts
congress is important in economic policy because it
reviews annual reports and removes appointees at will
must approve all taxes and most expenditures
controls all appointees to the council of economic advisors(CEA)
determines the supply of money in the economy at any given time
controls all appointees to the federal reserve board
an economist who advocates wage price controls is basically endorsing what theory?
credit based
the economic theory that runs most counter to the planning theory is
credit based theory
wage-price-control economics
supply side economics
Keynesian theory
monetarist theory
congress justified the legitimacy of Medicare, despite the fact that the us constitution did not authorize a national health-care system, with the argument that
the us constitution could not have anticipated the need for such a system
payments into the system would always exceed benefits
the elderly had nowhere else to turn
state administration of the system removed it from constitutional jurisdiction
the tenth amendment specifically prohibited states from creating such programs
one reason social security looked like a free lunch for much of its history was that
benefits were paid out by states but taxes were paid to the federal government
most of the benefits were pro-rated
most workers' immediate benefits exceeded their immediate payments
Medicare costs were underestimated
there were many payers and few beneficiaries
for welfare politics to be majoritarian politics what must be true
the public must perceive the costs as low
political elites most personally benefit
beneficiaries must believe they will come out ahead
beneficiaries must be poor
institutions must incorporate the norms of policy statements
the typical us preference in dealing with the problems of the poor is to relieve them by providing
services
moral exhortations
jobs
savings bonds
cash
social security and medicare are examples of
neo-institutional politics
client politics
majoritarian politics
entrepreneurial politics
interest group politics
the passage of the medicare bill was made possible by
the watering down of the bill to remove the more controversial provisions
the strong support of the American medical association
a shift in voting patterns on the united states supreme court
a democratic landslide in the 1964 elections
a marked shift in public opinion
usually, the supreme court has reacted to wartime curtailments of civil liberties by
avoiding rulings on constitutionally and consigning such issues to the lower federal courts
upholding them
upholding them at first, limiting them later
rejecting them first, reinstating them later
rejecting them
on the issue of people's constitutional right to speak and publish, which of the following is true?
young people and corporations have the same rights
young people have the same freedom of expression as adults
corporations and interest groups do not have the same rights
young people have more freedom than adults
corporations and interest groups have the same rights
on the question of church and state in the schools, the supreme court has permitted
equal time for evolutionism
homeroom prayer exercises
bible reading in public schools if unaccompanied by commentary
public bus service to catholic schools
required release time from public school for religious instruction
police are allowed to search a building for evidence if they have
probable cause or a warrant from a judge
suspicion that the potential for a crime may exist
permission for the occupant or probable cause
a warrant from a judge or permission of the occupant
probable cause or permission from the owner
protection against police search of those places in which you have reasonable expectation of privacy means that police cannot normally search, without a warrant, your
stomach
barn
cornfield from an airplane
mobile home
backyard from an airplane
