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Bio Psyc Weeks 8-11: Emotion, Motivated Behaviours I: Reproductive Behaviours, Motivated Behaviours II – Sleep, Psychological Disorders

Questão 1 de 60

1

The major components of an emotional response include:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Feelings and behaviour

  • Behaviour and moods

  • Hormonal secretions and cognition

  • Behaviour and physiological components

Explicação

Questão 2 de 60

1

The autonomic component of an emotional response functions to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Mobilise energy for vigorous movement

  • Restore physiological balance after an emotional experience

  • Promote digestion of nutrients

  • Facilitate healing of damaged tissue

Explicação

Questão 3 de 60

1

The neural systems that comprise fear are integrated by neurons within the

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Hypothalamus

  • Amygdala

  • Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

  • Thalamus

Explicação

Questão 4 de 60

1

Activation of the ____________ nucleus of the ___________ elicits an emotional response:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Lateral; amygdala

  • Central; amygdala

  • Medial; hypothalamus

  • Central; hypothalamus

Explicação

Questão 5 de 60

1

The expression of an emotional response is inhibited by input from the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Lateral amygdala

  • Central amygdala

  • Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

  • Lateral hypothalamus

Explicação

Questão 6 de 60

1

Elevated levels of which neurotransmitter inhibits aggression:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Glutamate

  • GABA

  • Dopamine

  • Serotonin

Explicação

Questão 7 de 60

1

Which drug would be expected to inhibit aggression:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Haloperidol

  • Cocaine

  • Fluoxetine (Prozac)

  • Amphetamine

Explicação

Questão 8 de 60

1

A human male who has a long record of assault, arson and murder, would be expected to show __________ levels of ___________ in his cerebrospinal fluid:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • elevated; 5-HIAA

  • reduced; 5-HIAA

  • elevated; GABA

  • reduced; GABA

Explicação

Questão 9 de 60

1

Phineas Gage, who was injured when a steel rod was accidentally driven through his skull, exhibited impulsive, emotional behavior as a result of widespread damage to his:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Occipital cortex

  • Cingulate cortex

  • Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

  • Amygdala

Explicação

Questão 10 de 60

1

Which of the following is an example of a moral dilemma:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Changing the ingredients of a recipe

  • Throwing another person onto a grenade to save many others

  • Walking away from a fight

  • Watching someone else throw another person onto a grenade to save many others

Explicação

Questão 11 de 60

1

A combination of inadequate activation of the ___________ and enhanced activation of the ____________ may result in excessive anger that results in harm to other people:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Prefrontal cortex; hypothalamus

  • Prefrontal cortex; amygdala

  • Amygdala; prefrontal cortex

  • Hypothalamus; prefrontal cortex

Explicação

Questão 12 de 60

1

The proposition that facial expressions of emotion are innate is supported by the observation that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The same facial expression for an emotion is observed in all cultures

  • Blind children show different facial emotional expressions that sighted children

  • Some facial expressions are only expressed in adulthood

  • Facial expression of emotion change over time in a culture

Explicação

Questão 13 de 60

1

A chimeric face is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A happy face

  • A wrinkled face

  • Created by pasting different facial images to form a single unit

  • Recognisable when upside down

Explicação

Questão 14 de 60

1

The ability to recognise negative emotions expressed by others is most likely to be impaired after damage to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Right hemisphere

  • Somatosensory Cortex

  • Cerebellum

  • Basal ganglia

Explicação

Questão 15 de 60

1

According to the James-Lange theory, feelings of emotion are:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Culturally determined responses to stimuli

  • Produced by feedback from the behaviours and physiological responses caused by emotion-producing situations

  • Dependent upon the genetic makeup of an individual

  • Produced by activity within the thalamus in response to sensory cues

Explicação

Questão 16 de 60

1

Which of the following is true of the sex chromosomes?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Factors coded on the Y chromosome control the development of the male sex glands

  • The Y chromosome contains the blueprint for the female foetus

  • The sex chromosomes are the largest among the 23 pairs

  • The mother donates her Y chromosome to form a male foetus

Explicação

Questão 17 de 60

1

_____________________ exert(s) a defeminising action during prenatal development:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Testosterone

  • Anti-Müllerian hormone

  • Estradiol

  • Androgens

Explicação

Questão 18 de 60

1

The size of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is an indicator of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Prenatal androgenisation

  • Sexual orientation

  • Ambivalent sexuality

  • Gender identity

Explicação

Questão 19 de 60

1

The key factor that determines whether the undifferentiated gonads develop into testes is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The SRY gene located on the Y chromosome

  • The secretion of testosterone from the adrenal glands

  • The SRY gene located on the X chromosome

  • The secretion of androgens from the gonads

Explicação

Questão 20 de 60

1

A pheromone is a:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Chemical located on the tongue that detects sugar

  • Chemical that is released by one animal that affects the behaviour of another animal

  • Type of enzyme that deactivates cyclic nucleotides

  • Chemical that is released in the body that affects the behaviour of the individual that released it

Explicação

Questão 21 de 60

1

Which of the following is true of pheromone action in humans

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Menstrual cycles are delayed by exposure to human sweat

  • Women are attracted to the underarm sweat from men

  • Men prefer the smell of t-shirts worn by women during their fertile phase

  • Men and women show decreased sexual behaviour after exposure to pheromones

Explicação

Questão 22 de 60

1

A hormone that promotes the prenatal development of the Woffian system is said to have a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Defeminising effect

  • Activational effect

  • Masculinising effect

  • Feminising effect

Explicação

Questão 23 de 60

1

The prenatal development of the internal reproductive structures of the female:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Requires the suppression of the Müllerian system by the anti- Müllerian hormone

  • Requires secretion of estradiol by the pituitary gland

  • Is caused by secretion of progesterone

  • Requires no hormone

Explicação

Questão 24 de 60

1

The genetic sex of a foetus is determined by:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The hormones released by the pituitary gland during foetal development

  • A single gene on the X chromosome

  • The gonads

  • The sex chromosome inherited from the father

Explicação

Questão 25 de 60

1

The key event that starts sexual maturation at the onset of puberty is that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The ovaries and testes release gonadotropic hormones

  • Estradiol and testosterone are released from the hypothalamus

  • The hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormones

  • LH and FSH are released from the hypothalamus

Explicação

Questão 26 de 60

1

Which of the following is known to speed up the onset of female puberty:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Low levels of body fat

  • High plasma levels of leptin

  • Malnutrition

  • High plasma levels of Estradiol

Explicação

Questão 27 de 60

1

An increased prevalence of homosexuality/bisexuality is noted in:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

  • Women with Turner’s Syndrome

  • Men born during the late winter months to stressed mothers

  • Men born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Explicação

Questão 28 de 60

1

The key effect of luteinising hormone (LH) is to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Stimulate beard growth

  • Impair the growth of ovarian follicles

  • Induce ovulation

  • Guide the implantation of the fertilised ovum

Explicação

Questão 29 de 60

1

A human female is more likely to initiate sexual activity with her partner:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Just prior to menstruation

  • When estradiol levels are lowest

  • Just after a surge of testosterone from her adrenal glands

  • At a point in the menstrual cycle when estradiol levels are highest

Explicação

Questão 30 de 60

1

The ________________ would not be considered a human sex organ:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Ovaries

  • Adrenal gland

  • Testes

  • External genitalia

Explicação

Questão 31 de 60

1

The various stages of sleep are easily distinguished by:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Visible changes in respiration

  • Changes in motor movements

  • Changes in the electrical activity of the brain

  • The quality and quantity of dreams

Explicação

Questão 32 de 60

1

The transition between wakefulness and sleep is marked by the appearance of which type of EEG waves:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Alpha

  • Beta

  • Delta

  • Theta

Explicação

Questão 33 de 60

1

You are watching the EEG of a person whose output contains 85% delta wave activity. Your best guess is that this person is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • In stage 4 of slow-wave sleep

  • Dreaming

  • Making the transition from wakefulness to sleep

  • In REM sleep

Explicação

Questão 34 de 60

1

Typically, humans show which pattern of blood flow and cognitive activity
during REM sleep:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Cortical blood flow is reduced during REM sleep as blood is shunted to the genitals

  • Cerebral blood flow is low in the primary visual cortex

  • Cerebral blood flow is high in the visual association cortex and low in the prefrontal cortex

  • Cerebral blood flow is high in the prefrontal cortex

Explicação

Questão 35 de 60

1

It may be inappropriate to treat insomnia with benzodiazepines because:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Medication withdrawal symptoms can result in increased insomnia

  • Sleeping medication may lead to daytime hangovers

  • People with insomnia may be underestimating the amount of time they actually sleep

  • All of the above are correct

Explicação

Questão 36 de 60

1

Nightmares that are particularly terrifying occur during:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Stage 1 sleep

  • Stage 2 sleep

  • Stage 4 sleep

  • REM sleep

Explicação

Questão 37 de 60

1

The first day in a new job that is cognitively demanding and which involves the development of new skills, would be expected to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Produce insomnia

  • Reduce the amplitude of delta activity in the frontal lobes

  • Increase the need for REM sleep

  • Increase the amount of time spent that night spent in slow-wave sleep

Explicação

Questão 38 de 60

1

A build up of carbon dioxide in the blood is characteristic of the sleep disorder known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Narcolepsy

  • Sleep apnoea (apnea)

  • Somnambulism

  • Pavor nocturnus

Explicação

Questão 39 de 60

1

A person who exhibits sudden paralysis may be suffering from:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Somnambulism

  • A sleep attack

  • Hynagogic hallucinations

  • An episode of cataplexy

Explicação

Questão 40 de 60

1

Human narcolepsy:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Can be treated by using sleep-inducing drugs

  • Is caused by an absence of orexin in most people with narcolepsy

  • Involves the intrusion of slow-wave sleep components into the awake state

  • Is caused by an absence of dopamine in most people with narcolepsy

Explicação

Questão 41 de 60

1

The occurrence of SLEEP ATTACKS in narcolepsy can be alleviated by drugs that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Impair the release of orexin in the brain

  • Block hypocretin 2 receptors in the hypothalamus

  • Act as catecholamine agonists

  • Alleviated the symptoms of depression

Explicação

Questão 42 de 60

1

Weight gain is a common outcome for a person suffering from:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Somnambulism

  • Sleep-related eating disorder

  • REM sleep disorder

  • Narcolepsy

Explicação

Questão 43 de 60

1

The primary function of slow-wave sleep is to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Rest the brain

  • Promote dreaming

  • Facilitate brain development

  • Rest the body

Explicação

Questão 44 de 60

1

Research has suggested that ___________ sleep is important for ___________ memory:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Slow-wave; non-declarative

  • REM; declarative

  • Stage 2; declarative

  • REM; non-declarative

Explicação

Questão 45 de 60

1

Prolonged sleep deprivation in humans results in:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Impaired concentration

  • Perceptual illusions

  • Partial recovery of lost stage 4 sleep

  • All of the above are correct

Explicação

Questão 46 de 60

1

All of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia EXCEPT:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Social withdrawal

  • Auditory hallucinations

  • Thought disorder

  • Visual hallucinations

Explicação

Questão 47 de 60

1

The negative symptoms of schizophrenia:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Are best illustrated by delusions

  • Are likely to be caused by excessive brain dopamine activity

  • Represent the absence of typical behaviours

  • Are best illustrated by hallucinations

Explicação

Questão 48 de 60

1

The positive symptoms of schizophrenia may be caused by:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • An imbalance of norepinephrine in the brain

  • A single recessive gene

  • A degenerative disorder of the brain

  • Excessive activity in dopamine circuits in the brain

Explicação

Questão 49 de 60

1

The fact that the odds of a child born to two parents, both of whom have schizophrenia, is less than 50% suggests that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with infertility

  • Schizophrenia is not produced by a single gene

  • Schizophrenia is a metabolic disorder

  • Schizophrenia is produced by a single dominant gene

Explicação

Questão 50 de 60

1

Imagine that you have been handed a list of drugs and that beside each drug
name is a number that represents the potency of that drug for blocking
subcortical dopamine receptors (where a low number means a greater potency
at blocking). Which would you choose for the treatment of schizophrenia?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Potency value =0.1

  • Potency value =0.3

  • Potency value =1.0

  • Potency value =5.0

Explicação

Questão 51 de 60

1

Administration of high doses of which of the following drugs would be
expected to produce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • L-DOPA

  • Methylphenidate

  • Cocaine

  • All of the above are correct

Explicação

Questão 52 de 60

1

John has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and has shown improvement in
positive symptoms while taking chlorpromazine (CPZ). You would expect his
positive symptoms to return if John:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Stops taking CPZ and takes cocaine at a party

  • Takes double his CPZ does per day

  • Mixes alcohol with CPZ

  • Takes reserpine in addition to CPZ

Explicação

Questão 53 de 60

1

The mesolimbic pathway projects from the ___________ to the __________:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Substantia nigra; caudate

  • Globus pallidus; ventral tegmental area

  • Ventral tegmental area; frontal cortex

  • Ventral tegmental area; nucleus accumbens and amygdala

Explicação

Questão 54 de 60

1

Clozapine is referred to as an “atypical” antipsychotic drug because it:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Can reverse symptoms of schizophrenia without producing
    tardive dyskinesia

  • Is more potent at blocking D2 than D4 receptors

  • Effectively treats schizophrenia but also produces motor side effects

  • Does not have any effect on dopamine

Explicação

Questão 55 de 60

1

The negative symptoms of schizophrenia may be related to:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Excessive birth weight

  • Damage to the cells of the brain

  • Overactivity of dopaminergic neurons

  • Having an older mother

Explicação

Questão 56 de 60

1

Which of the following supports the contention that schizophrenia is associated with brain damage:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The size of the lateral ventricles increases in people with
    schizophrenia

  • The size of the lateral ventricles decreases in people with
    schizophrenia

  • Older people, who have already lost substantial numbers of neurons, are more likely to develop schizophrenia than younger people

  • The neurological symptoms observed in schizophrenia are unique to schizophrenia

Explicação

Questão 57 de 60

1

The major affective disorders are also known as:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Anxiety disorders

  • Schizoaffective disorders

  • Manic-depressive disorders

  • Mood disorders

Explicação

Questão 58 de 60

1

_______________is/are NOT an effective treatment for unipolar depression:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin or norepinephrine

  • Sleep deprivation

  • Lithium salts

  • Electroconvulsive therapy

Explicação

Questão 59 de 60

1

The ability of fluoxetine (Prozac) to function as an effective treatment for
_____________ is related to its capacity to ____________:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Delusions and hallucinations; block serotonin reuptake

  • Depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder; block serotonin
    reuptake

  • Anxiety disorders; inhibit MAO

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder; release glycine

Explicação

Questão 60 de 60

1

A person with ____________ allele(s) of the gene for the _____________ transporter
is at risk for depression:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A long and a short; dopamine

  • Two long; serotonin

  • Two short; serotonin

  • Two long; GABA

Explicação