Ben Armstrong
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Degree Psychology Quiz sobre Developmental Psychology, criado por Ben Armstrong em 26-04-2017.

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Developmental Psychology

Questão 1 de 54

1

A strong advantage of the longitudinal design is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • that informed consent is not necessary.

  • its ability to discern amongst cohorts.

  • that it follows development of individuals.

  • that it protects from selective attrition.

Explicação

Questão 2 de 54

1

The long-term stability of children’s temperament is most properly studied

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • experimentally.

  • cross-sectionally.

  • longitudinally

  • speculatively

Explicação

Questão 3 de 54

1

Which of these is NOT among the five measurements that make up the APGAR test for neonates?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • muscle tone

  • heart rate

  • reflex irritability

  • attention span

Explicação

Questão 4 de 54

1

In recent decades, the age of viability has advanced earlier in the period of the fetus because of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the increasing rate of single parenthood

  • the perfusion of toxic chemicals in food and water

  • better maternal nutrition

  • advances in medical technology

Explicação

Questão 5 de 54

1

Reasoning by verbal analogy: MATERNITY BLUES are to POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION as __________ is to __________.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • PRIMATE / HUMAN

  • POSITIVE / NEGATIVE

  • FATHER / MOTHER

  • MILD / INTENSE

Explicação

Questão 6 de 54

1

When adults interpret emotions displayed by babies in their first months of life, they

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • are unreliable and inaccurate

  • do better with negative emotions than with positive

  • do better with positive emotions than with negative

  • are highly accurate regardless of the type of emotion

Explicação

Questão 7 de 54

1

"Social referencing" refers to the child's ability to

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • categorise people or animals as good or bad

  • use the reactions of others to interpret an ambiguous stimulus or situation

  • hide one's own true inner feelings

  • understand that others' feelings differ from your own

Explicação

Questão 8 de 54

1

Which of these is NOT among the several methods for studying infants’ sensation / perception?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • habituation / dishabituation

  • high-amplitude sucking

  • deferred imitation

  • evoked potentials

Explicação

Questão 9 de 54

1

Sandra’s mum has no time to look into a mirror. Which flaws is 6-month-old Sandra LEAST likely to notice?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • very smudged eye shadow

  • a big bruise on mum’s nose

  • a piece of pasta hanging off mum’s chin

  • a crow’s nest in mum’s hair

Explicação

Questão 10 de 54

1

As little Benny masters object permanence, which behaviour represents the most advanced understanding?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • passively waiting for an object to reappear

  • anticipating invisible displacements

  • making an A-not-B error

  • looking at another toy as the first one disappears from view

Explicação

Questão 11 de 54

1

Cernunnos's dad is upset and cries. Cernunnos gives his teddy to dad to hold, and tells dad he will feel better if he hugs that teddy. According to Piaget, Cernunnos is showing

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • egocentrism

  • decentered emotionality

  • sympathetic empathetic concern

  • animism

Explicação

Questão 12 de 54

1

Reasoning by verbal analogy, Piaget’s view is to Vygotsky’s view as ________ is __________ to .

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • egocentrism / other’s viewpoint

  • adolescence / childhood

  • flexibility / rigidity

  • solitary / social

Explicação

Questão 13 de 54

1

For Vygotsky, private speech is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • meaningless babbling

  • entirely silent and cannot be heard by others

  • passive reporting on thoughts after they have happened

  • self-talk that helps children to plan their thoughts

Explicação

Questão 14 de 54

1

A basic definition of imitation is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • doing an action after seeing it done

  • repeating an action after getting reinforcement

  • varying a response to achieve reinforcement

  • repeating an action

Explicação

Questão 15 de 54

1

Generalised imitation, a higher-order skill investigated by researchers in Bangor and other behaviour analysts, denotes an

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • ability to copy actions

  • ability to copy a variety of actions

  • ability to copy a variety of novel actions

  • ability to copy a variety of novel actions without external reinforcement

Explicação

Questão 16 de 54

1

A toddler is able to name many objects and events. He hears a familiar word /cat/. This makes him

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • look to find a cat

  • try to pet the cat

  • neither look or try to pet but may echo the word ‘cat’

  • both look and and try to pet – and he may echo the word ‘cat’

Explicação

Questão 17 de 54

1

The set of emotions that are closely tied to cognitive development, particularly self-recognition and an understanding of social norms is

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • interest, distress, disgust, and contentment

  • anger, surprise, fear, and sadness

  • embarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride

  • joy, happiness, frustration, and boredom

Explicação

Questão 18 de 54

1

Bellona is 8 months old. She turns away and starts crying when a stranger approaches her pram in the supermarket. This reaction would

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • be unusual in a child at that age

  • be evidence that Belinda was insecurely attached

  • be considered a typical response to a stranger for a child of that age (but not necessarily a universal response)

  • simply indicate that Belinda is tired or hungry

Explicação

Questão 19 de 54

1

Emotional attachments between parent and child

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • are the result of cultural effects of parenting in the Western countries

  • slowly rise from social interactions in the first months

  • emerge suddenly at birth, to the strongest level

  • result from both persons' shared genetic relationship

Explicação

Questão 20 de 54

1

Mary Ainsworth's (1978) "Strange Situation”

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • identifies the child's level of visual imagination

  • provides training for the transition into foster care

  • measures the child's interest in novel unfamiliar items

  • assesses the child's attachment style

Explicação

Questão 21 de 54

1

The two common fears of infancy, separation anxiety and stranger anxiety, reflect the baby's preference for

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • easy temperament

  • familiarity

  • social referencing

  • learned helplessness

Explicação

Questão 22 de 54

1

Training to improve the sensitivity of parents to their child’s needs

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • is doomed to fail because caregiving is genetically predetermined

  • works and promotes secure attachment

  • is directed mainly to upper income parents

  • yields temporary gains that are lost within weeks

Explicação

Questão 23 de 54

1

Sam, age five, turns away from the TV that shows a report of an earthquake, where people are hurt. Sam is likely to be feeling

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • self-oriented distress

  • sympathetic empathetic arousal

  • a hostile attribution bias

  • learned helplessness

Explicação

Questão 24 de 54

1

Finnish school-based KiVa programme does NOT contain

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • an online game training emotion recognition

  • classroom activities that teach children to be helpful bystanders

  • psychological counseling to make bullied children less vulnerable

  • parental educational materials

Explicação

Questão 25 de 54

1

Bangor-made Food Dudes programmes are effective interventions that increase consumption of fruit and veg. They are usually delivered by

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • parents

  • researchers

  • children

  • teachers

Explicação

Questão 26 de 54

1

A researcher reports that boys show more physical aggression than girls in free play. She is able to demonstrate consistency of results across time, situations, and observers. Therefore, her findings are:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Reliable

  • Proven

  • Valid

  • None of the above

Explicação

Questão 27 de 54

1

A researcher measures play behaviour of a few children over a long period of time, in daily structured play sessions. Possible problems?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Children will get bored with this and underperform

  • Results will be insufficient to draw valid conclusions

  • Results may not generalise to other children

  • All of the answers

Explicação

Questão 28 de 54

1

A researcher reported that 3-year-old children have longer attention span than 2-year-old children, as they remembered more pictures shown in a test. She used a cross-sectional design, and tested 25 children in each group.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Data are not valid or reliable

  • Data are not generalisible to other 2- and 3-year-olds

  • Data cannot tell us about the development of individual children

  • All of the answers

Explicação

Questão 29 de 54

1

You show preschool children Manyard the Cat. Then, in front of them, you place a dog mask on the cat’s face.
You ask the children, does he bark or meow? They will say

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • meow

  • bark

  • can do either as he chooses

  • neither

Explicação

Questão 30 de 54

1

Genetic epistemology, Piaget's academic specialty, could be defined as the study of the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • child's social relations with others such as peers

  • inheritance of developmental disability

  • inheritance of behavioral habits

  • development of knowledge

Explicação

Questão 31 de 54

1

In Piaget's theory, balance between the child's thoughts and the environment is called:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • tertiary circular reaction

  • phylogenetic scaffolding

  • early constructivism

  • cognitive equilibrium

Explicação

Questão 32 de 54

1

Which of these is NOT among Piaget's four cognitive developmental stages?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Formal operations stage

  • Preoperational stage

  • Proximal zone stage

  • Sensorimotor stage

Explicação

Questão 33 de 54

1

Object permanence refers to the understanding that:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • durable toys are preferred over those that break soon

  • existence continues even when something is out of sight

  • inanimate objects have the ability to "hide" actively

  • lost objects will always be located later

Explicação

Questão 34 de 54

1

Three-year-old Bethan gets scared when her mum dresses up in a dinosaur costume on Halloween. This child shows:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • a phylogenetic development

  • assimilation and accommodation

  • lack of object (person) permanence

  • misunderstanding of the appearance/reality distinction

Explicação

Questão 35 de 54

1

Four-year-old Britney mistakes her neighbour's new pet rabbit for a kitten. Britney's error illustrates the Piagetian process of:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • animism

  • assimilation

  • accommodation

  • tertiary circular reaction

Explicação

Questão 36 de 54

1

Suppose we asked children to make drawings of all the life forms that might occur on another planet. According to Piaget, the most novel, creative ideas of life forms are likely to come from children at the:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

  • preoperational stage of cognitive development.

  • concrete-operational stage of development.

  • formal-operational stage of development.

Explicação

Questão 37 de 54

1

Neith is 4 ½ years old. She often talks out loud even when other people are not listening. This habit (according to Piaget) is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • unusual for boys but common for girls

  • unusual for girls but common for boys

  • fairly common in all children her age but of no significance for her cognitive development

  • fairly common in all children her age and helpful to her cognitive development.

Explicação

Questão 38 de 54

1

A toddler is most likely to remember:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • A very unusual event, such as seeing a flying balloon in the park or an elephant in the zoo

  • A very typical event, such as having breakfast with mum

  • Only the events that are highly emotionally significant.

  • Nothing at all – we do not remember until we are about 3-4 years of age

Explicação

Questão 39 de 54

1

If he were alive today, Vygotsky would identify the calculator you have on your phone as a(n):

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • device for inner experimentation

  • tool of intellectual adaptation

  • zone of proximal development

  • electronic scaffold

Explicação

Questão 40 de 54

1

Which statement is LEAST applicable to Vygotsky's theory?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Cooperative interactions with skilled tutors are helpful

  • Variations in cultural influences are acknowledged

  • Developmental universals are sought and identified

  • Scaffolding assists the child with difficult tasks

Explicação

Questão 41 de 54

1

In the mirror self-recognition test, the parent covertly places a red spot on 1-year-old Gareth’s face. The child is then presented with a mirror. What is he most likely to do?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Deliberately ignore the red spot

  • Stare at the red spot

  • Touch their nose / wipe the red spot

  • Interact with the mirror (kissing or touching it)

Explicação

Questão 42 de 54

1

When do you think most children start to learn their native language?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • When they are about 12 month old

  • When they are about 6 months old

  • Soon after birth

  • Before they are born

Explicação

Questão 43 de 54

1

Which type of parenting produces the happiest, best-adjusted children?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Authoritative (high D/C and high A/R)

  • Authoritarian (high D/C and low A/R)

  • Permissive (Low D/C and high A/R)

  • Uninvolved (Low D/C and Low A/R)

Explicação

Questão 44 de 54

1

15-years old Mary is more likely than most of her peers to show poor self-control, poor academic performance, and to use illegal drugs. Her parents may have used:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Authoritative parenting style

  • Permissive parenting style

  • Uninvolved parenting style

  • Either permissive or uninvolved

Explicação

Questão 45 de 54

1

Aphrodite is 3 years old. When her brother Jack was born, she started throwing tantrums, wetting herself, and trying to hurt Jack. This behaviour is:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The outcome of Aphrodite’s parents’ permissive style.

  • The outcome of Aphrodite’s difficult temperament.

  • Aphrodite has both permissive parents and a difficult temperament

  • Normal

Explicação

Questão 46 de 54

1

Girls are more likely than boys to show which kind of aggression?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Hostile

  • Instrumental

  • Relational

  • Bullying

Explicação

Questão 47 de 54

1

Dave hits Chuck while their mum is not looking and as Chuck gets distracted, Dave grabs his toy. This is an instance of which kind of aggression?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Hostile

  • Instrumental

  • Relational

  • Bullying

Explicação

Questão 48 de 54

1

Young infants prefer __________________ .

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • good deeds and actors

  • aggression

  • bullying

  • Negative emotions

Explicação

Questão 49 de 54

1

Which of the following is NOT an elementary mental function?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Sensation

  • Belief in religion

  • memory

  • attention

Explicação

Questão 50 de 54

1

What is scaffolding according to Vygotsky?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The prevalent model of tutoring in western societies and schools

  • The informal tuition of cultural-relevant practices, common to non-industrialised societies

  • When a mature social partner responds contingently to the child's behaviour

  • None of the answers given

Explicação

Questão 51 de 54

1

Which one of the following is not a critique for Piaget's pre-operational stage?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Children are not always egocentric

  • Animalism also depends on context - novel objects that move are deemed animate not others

  • Conservation tasks are solved after training

  • children struggle with appearance/reality distinction

Explicação

Questão 52 de 54

1

For parents, especially the mother, is there a sensitive period for emotional bonding in first 6-12 hours after birth?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Yes – this is crucial for the full acceptance of a new baby.

  • No, there is no such thing as sensitive period.

  • It may be helpful but it is not necessary.

  • It may be helpful not to see the baby immediately, until mother is properly rested and hormones return to normal.

Explicação

Questão 53 de 54

1

Childhood attachments – processes and timeline of formation of close emotional relationships – are mainly the result of…

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Biological predisposition and maturation

  • Early operant learning in social situations

  • Cognitive development

  • There is no set answer, but the majority of developmental psychologists believe it is a combination of them all.

Explicação

Questão 54 de 54

1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five kinds of linguistic knowledge?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Phonology

  • Morphology

  • Syntax

  • Cosmology

Explicação