Rachel Pointer
Quiz por , criado more than 1 year ago

Most of these questions I have taken out of my online textbook (Understanding Psychology 11e by Charles G. Morris and Albert A. Maisto) The chapter the questions come from will be listed with the question. This quiz also includes questions from the tests taken in the class.

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Rachel Pointer
Criado por Rachel Pointer mais de 7 anos atrás
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General Psychology Final Exam Study Quiz

Questão 1 de 63

1

Which of these is the modern, formal definition of psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Psychology is the study of psychological disorders and treatment

  • Psychology is as much an art as a science

  • Psychology today studies only cognition and emotion

  • Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Explicação

Questão 2 de 63

1

Which of these are among the five enduring issues in psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • person-situation

  • opportunity-disenfranchisement

  • friends-family

  • youth-age

Explicação

Questão 3 de 63

1

A(n) _____ is a specific, testable prediction derived from a theory. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • experiment

  • scientific method

  • hypothesis

  • phenomenon

Explicação

Questão 4 de 63

1

You want to answer the question, "Do opposites really attract?" As a critical thinker using the scientific method, it is most important that you do which of the following? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • If data conflict, go with the largest data set

  • Try to simplify things as much as possible

  • Be skeptical of self-reports as they may be biased

  • Collect a large number of self-reports

Explicação

Questão 5 de 63

1

Which of these disciplines falls under the heading of developmental psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • child psychologist

  • clinical psychologist

  • industrial/organizational psychologist

  • attending psychologist

Explicação

Questão 6 de 63

1

The emergence of psychology as a science in the 1900s can be seen as having occurred in the following three stages: (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Freudian, Humanistic, Behavioral

  • animism, dualism, table rasa

  • emergence of science, behaviorism, cognitive behaviorism

  • science of the mind, the behaviorist decades, the cognitive revolution

Explicação

Questão 7 de 63

1

What are the three basic elements of consciousness according to Edward Bradford Tutchener? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • race, culture, and ethnicity

  • physical sensations, feelings, and images

  • the id, the ego, and the super ego

  • emotions, actions, and thoughts

Explicação

Questão 8 de 63

1

Which of these questions is most likely to be of interest to an evolutionary psychologist? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • How can someone best cope with the loss of a parent?

  • Do stereotypical roles have a role in promoting the survival of the species?

  • What effect does alcohol abuse have on adolescent brain development?

  • How can a store manager learn to increase productivity among her staff?

Explicação

Questão 9 de 63

1

What changes brought about the reopening of the study of things we cannot observe directly, like thoughts, by the science of psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The theories of the behaviorists were proved wrong

  • It was proven that the unconscious mind is what shapes us

  • New research methods made the scientific study of mental processes possible

  • The public did not like the focus of behavior alone

Explicação

Questão 10 de 63

1

Understanding how and why groups differ in their values, behaviors, approaches to the world, thought processes, and responses to situations --in other words, understanding _____, gives us tools to reduce interpersonal tensions. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • diversity

  • genetics

  • universal features

  • innate behavior

Explicação

Questão 11 de 63

1

Scott was born and raised as Emily, a healthy female, but has lived and identified as a man ever since he was a teenager. While Scott hasn't undergone gender reassignment surgery, he uses male pronouns to refer to himself and doesn't disclose his trans identity except to potential romantic partners. Most of his classmates and colleagues assume he is biologically male. Scott's _____ is female, and his _____ is male. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • culture; sex

  • heritage; gender

  • sex; gender

  • gender; identity

Explicação

Questão 12 de 63

1

Which of the following is a reason why feminist theory has been important in expanding traditional psychological theories?(Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It has led to the understanding that gender is fixed

  • It has helped reinforce traditional gender roles so that psychologists can focus on other topics

  • It has led to the understanding that men and women are so similar that it's easy to apply knowledge about one gender to the experiences of another

  • It examines similarities and differences and puts a spotlight on gender stereotypes

Explicação

Questão 13 de 63

1

Whose classic work, Sex and Temperment in Three Primitive Societies, is still cited as evidence that definitions of masculinity and femininity are not biological givens? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Mary Cover Jones

  • Carol Gilligan

  • Margaret Mead

  • Mamie Clark

Explicação

Questão 14 de 63

1

Which of these is a major benefit of naturalistic observation as a research method? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Researchers don't need to be specially trained to learn how to observe their enviorment

  • Naturalistic observation has the least risk of observer bias

  • Researchers tend to record all of what they see, so potentially relevant details are not likely to be overlooked

  • The behavior observed in everyday life is likely to be more natural, spontanious, and varied than that observed in a laboratory

Explicação

Questão 15 de 63

1

Why is it important to distinguish between correlation and cause and effect ? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • When one variable causes another, that doesn't mean that the variables are necessarily related, only that they occur in tandem

  • Two variables can be related to each other, but that does not imply that one causes the other

  • Studies that look for cause and effect run the risk of asking leading questions, which yeild unreliable results

  • Correlated variables are not statistically significant

Explicação

Questão 16 de 63

1

In an experiment, the _____ variable is measured to see ho it is changed by manipulations in the _____ variables. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • dependent; independent

  • control; experimental

  • experimental; control

  • independent; dependent

Explicação

Questão 17 de 63

1

In an experiment, to test the effects of sleep deprivation on test performance, a researcher who manipulates the amount of sleep that participants get is controlling the _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • control group

  • independent variable

  • experimental group

  • dependent variable

Explicação

Questão 18 de 63

1

Which of the following is part of the American Psychological Association (APA) code of ethics regarding psychological experiments? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Deception about the goals of the research can never be used

  • Participants in research studies must be 18 or older

  • Participants must be informed about the nature of the research only when the experiment's methods are potentially harmful

  • Deception about the goals of the research can be used only when absolutely necessary to the integrity of the research

Explicação

Questão 19 de 63

1

According to the APA code of ethics, are researchers who use animals in experiments ever allowed to subject those animals to pain or stress? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • No, the APA does not condone the use of animals in research in any circumstances

  • Yes, but only if the animals are given appropriate anesthesia and no other procedure is available

  • Yes, but only when an alternate procedure is unavailable and the goal is justified by its prospective scientific, educational, or applied value

  • The APA does not issue guidelines on the use of animals in research

Explicação

Questão 20 de 63

1

Which psychologist's controversial 1963 experiment involved participants being told to administer increasingly intense shocks to other participants? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Jean Piaget

  • Keneth Clark

  • Al Maisto

  • Stanley Milgram

Explicação

Questão 21 de 63

1

Trina is a psychology student who plans to work with patients who are struggling with depression and anxiety. She received a PhD in psychology and is starting a one-year internship in psychotherapy. After that, she'll have one more year of supervised practice before she can open her own practice. What career path is Trina on? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • clinical psychology

  • social worker

  • developmental psychology

  • psychiatrist

Explicação

Questão 22 de 63

1

Mateo has been feeling very sad lately and has decided to see a mental health professional in order to receive a prescription for some antidepressant medication. He will also engage in psychotherapy with this individual. Mateo is most likely to visit a _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • psychiatrist

  • health psychologist

  • counseling psychology

  • clinical psychologist

Explicação

Questão 23 de 63

1

Which type of psychologist is most likely to be desirable to human resources and personnel departments? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • cognitive

  • evolutionary

  • indistrial/organizational

  • behavioral

Explicação

Questão 24 de 63

1

Three key terms that constitute the definition of psychology are (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • cognition, attitudes, and brain function

  • therapy, behavior problems, and mental illness

  • cognition, human motivation, and thinking

  • scientific, behavioral, and mental processes

Explicação

Questão 25 de 63

1

A psychologist following the scientific method would first: (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • design an experiment

  • make observations

  • disprove invalid theories

  • develop a theory

Explicação

Questão 26 de 63

1

Critical thinkers are willing to _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • accept the opinions of established experts in a field

  • accept common knowledge

  • look at similarities but not differences in a problem

  • subject their own deeply held beliefs to scrutiny

Explicação

Questão 27 de 63

1

If you believe that how you've acquired your mental and behavioral traits from your historical past is of key importance, then you're likely favoring the _____ view of psychology. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • humanistic

  • cognitive

  • psychodynamic

  • evolutionary

Explicação

Questão 28 de 63

1

Psychologist William James developed the theory of _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • psychodynamics

  • structuralism

  • functionalism

  • dualism

Explicação

Questão 29 de 63

1

If you subscribe to this school of psychology, you believe that psychology is the study of only what is observable and measurable. This historical and modern perspective is better known as _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • behaviorism

  • functionalism

  • psychoanalysis

  • gestalt psychology

Explicação

Questão 30 de 63

1

Alessio believes that men's and women's gender roles are the result of biological adaptions in our deep ancestry. Allesio is using theories based in _____ to explain his views on gender roles. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • gender studies

  • behavioral adaption

  • evolutionary psychology

  • feminist theory

Explicação

Questão 31 de 63

1

We cannot understand human behavior without also understanding: (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • that culture has little influence on human psychology

  • animal cognition and behavior

  • how little human diversity there is

  • the influence of culture on human diversity

Explicação

Questão 32 de 63

1

_____ is a research technique based on the naturally occurring relationship between two or more variables. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • a control group

  • correlational research

  • the experimental method

  • causative research

Explicação

Questão 33 de 63

1

Cherie is participating in a study on the sleep habits of college students. The experimenter is putting Cherie in Group A and is examining if one extra hour of sleep per night leads to 20% increase in concentration. The dependent variable in this experiment is ______. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Cherie

  • level of concentration

  • the participants in Group B

  • one extra hour of sleep

Explicação

Questão 34 de 63

1

DeShawn is researching the effects of brain lesions on depression. For ethical reasons, he is not able to cut into brains of study participants. What is one research method that DeShawn might consider that could shed light on this problem without violating APA ethical guidelines? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • paying volunteers more for their consent to have surgery

  • performing the tests on children whose parents have given consent

  • telling participants that he's actually studying productivity

  • using animals as tests subjects

Explicação

Questão 35 de 63

1

The APA code of ethics requires that researchers obtain _____ from participants, and stipulates that participants must be informed of the nature of research in clearly understandable language. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • consensus

  • notified agreement

  • personal information

  • informed consent

Explicação

Questão 36 de 63

1

Marlisa is a researcher who is studying brain MRIs of patients with severe anxiety. She hopes to identify exactly how brain chemistry changes during an anxiety attack. Marlisa is working in which field of psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • neuropsychology

  • cognitive development

  • counseling psychology

  • neural conditioning

Explicação

Questão 37 de 63

1

Many students majoring in psychology want to be therapists. The career that requires a medical degree for a career as specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of behavior disorders is that of a _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • psychoanalyst

  • psychiatrist

  • child psychologist

  • clinical psychologist

Explicação

Questão 38 de 63

1

Is there a single perspective dominating psychology today? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • No. Although the emerging field of positive psychology is exciting, not many psychologists are adhering to it

  • No. Psychologists are more flexible in considering new approaches and combining elements of different perspectives

  • Yes. Behaviorism, as developed by John Watson, remains unchallenged as the most comprehensive psychological perspective in the early 21st century

  • Yes. As the influence of Freudian psychodynamic theory declined, evolutionary psychology took its place as the dominant mode of study today

Explicação

Questão 39 de 63

1

The _____ is the level an impulse must exceed to cause a neuron to fire. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • threshold of excitation

  • graded potential

  • action potential

  • threshold of potential

Explicação

Questão 40 de 63

1

Which of the following is true about dendrites? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • They carry outgoing messages to neighboring neurons

  • They pick up incoming messages and transmit them to the cell body

  • Some neurons have them, and some do not

  • They are found in every type of cell

Explicação

Questão 41 de 63

1

Glutamate enhances learning and memory by _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • strengthening the myelin sheath

  • strengthening synaptic connections between neurons

  • stimulating neurons that reside in the hindbrain

  • stimulating neurons in the midbrain

Explicação

Questão 42 de 63

1

The ______ is the tiny gab between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • vesicle

  • neurotransmitter

  • synaptic cleft

  • terminal button

Explicação

Questão 43 de 63

1

Why do people from different cultures develop different neural networks? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Because people from different cultures have different levels of hormones

  • Because people from different cultures have different levels of intelligence

  • Because people from different cultures often have very different experiences

  • Because people from different cultures have very different genes

Explicação

Questão 44 de 63

1

Damage to the hypothalamus might result in which of the following problems? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • difficulty recognizing people's faces

  • difficulty sleeping

  • difficulty controlling emotions

  • difficulty paying attention

Explicação

Questão 45 de 63

1

The _____ includes the brain and the spinal cord, which together contain more than 90% of the body's neurons. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • peripheral nervous system

  • limbic system

  • central nervous system

  • somatic nervous system

Explicação

Questão 46 de 63

1

_____ are impairments of the ability to use or understand language. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • occipital delays

  • speech impediments

  • aphasias

  • temporal delays

Explicação

Questão 47 de 63

1

Which of the following is true of macroelectrode recording techniques? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • They are used to study brain waves

  • They are used to map regions of the brain

  • They use radioactive energy to map the brain

  • They are used to study the function of single neurons

Explicação

Questão 48 de 63

1

Which of the following is true about the spinal cord? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It is made up of hard, bonelike bundles of dendrites

  • It contains neural circuits that require input from the brain

  • It is not actually connected to the brain

  • It contains to major neural pathways

Explicação

Questão 49 de 63

1

Dilated pupils and bronchi, a relaxed bladder, and an accelerated heart rate would all be attributed to the stimulation of the _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • limbic system

  • endocrine system

  • parasympathetic division

  • sympathetic division

Explicação

Questão 50 de 63

1

What is the main function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • to signal the body to release hormones from the pituitary gland

  • to calm and relax the body after intense arousal

  • to prepare the body for quick action in an emergency

  • to signal the body to release hormones from the thyroid gland

Explicação

Questão 51 de 63

1

The _____ is the part of the peripheral nervous system that carries messages between the central nervous system and the internal organs. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • sympathetic division

  • autonomic nervous system

  • parasympathetic division

  • somatic nervous system

Explicação

Questão 52 de 63

1

Neurons belonging to the somatic nervous system are involved in which of the following? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • making voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles

  • controlling voluntary thoughts and behaviors

  • controlling the involuntary activities of the internal organs

  • making involuntary movements of the skeletal muscles

Explicação

Questão 53 de 63

1

Fiona's brain is getting information about her movements and her external environment. The part of the central nervous system that is communicating this is called the _____ nervous system. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • automatic

  • sensory

  • autonomic

  • somatic

Explicação

Questão 54 de 63

1

Located on the underside of the brain and often called the "master gland," the _____ gland is connected to the hypothalamus and produces the largest number of different hormones. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • pituitary

  • pineal

  • adrenal

  • thyroid

Explicação

Questão 55 de 63

1

Jasper is late for work and decides to skip breakfast. As lunchtime draws near, he begins to feel shaky and weak, and when he gets up to go to the cafeteria for lunch, he faints. His coworkers call an ambulance, and at the hospital, tests reveal there is an unusually low amount of sugar in his blood and urine. Jasper is suffering from _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • hypoglycemia

  • overactive thyroid

  • melatonin overload

  • diabetes mellitus

Explicação

Questão 56 de 63

1

What is the primary responsibility of the parathyroid glands? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • to balance levels of androgens in the body

  • to balance levels of acetylcholine in the body

  • to balance levels of calcium and phosphate in the body

  • to balance levels of thyroxin in the body

Explicação

Questão 57 de 63

1

Which of the following secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • gonads

  • pancreas

  • thyroid gland

  • pituitary gland

Explicação

Questão 58 de 63

1

Which of the following releases melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • pancreas

  • adrenal glands

  • pineal gland

  • thyroid gland

Explicação

Questão 59 de 63

1

A recessive gene can control the appearance of a certain trait only if its _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • paired with a dominant gene

  • paired with another recessive gene

  • related to a physical trait

  • related to intelligence

Explicação

Questão 60 de 63

1

Which type of study assesses heritability in animals and helps determine the degree to which a trait is inherited? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • naturalistic observation

  • single-blind study

  • selection study

  • double-blind study

Explicação

Questão 61 de 63

1

The human genome, or sum total of all genes necessary to build a human being, contains approximately _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 20,000 to 25,000 genes

  • 15,000 to 20,000 genes

  • 10,000 to 15,000 genes

  • 5,000 to 10,000 genes

Explicação

Questão 62 de 63

1

Odessa is 37 and is pregnant with her third child. Her obstetrician tells her that her pregnancy is high risk because of her age and suggests she undergo a test to screen for genetic defects. She explains that the test involves harvesting cells from the fluid in which the fetus grows. Odessa's doctor is referring to _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • gene therapy

  • chorionic villus sampling

  • amniocentesis

  • ultrasound

Explicação

Questão 63 de 63

1

In psychology, the idea that adaptive traits that increase survival chances will become more common in a species, as those who survive long enough will pass on the genes for those traits to more members of their species, is known as: (Chapter 2, Exam 1)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • human social survival

  • trait genetics

  • evolutionary psychology

  • behavioral genetics

Explicação

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