Navy

What centuries was the Age of Sail, and what does this mean?

What Battle was in 1805?

What happened during the Battle of Trafalgar?

What were the naval tactics of the medieval, and earlier, period?

What was the Age of Sail naval tactic?

What were the advantages of this line tactic?

What is a broadside?

Why were battles often indecisive?

However, how could fleets gain a positional advantage?

This is an example of what kind of tactics that British captains and admirals were trained in?

What was a ships of the line?

What were First and Second rate ships like?

What was the job of First and Second rate ships, and why?

What were Fourth rate ships like?

Why were Fourth rate ships phased out from the late 18th century?

What rate of ships was the backbone of the fleet?

What were Third rate ships like?

In 1794, Thirds rate ships made up what percentage of all Royal Navy ships of the line? And by 1814, they made up what percentage of ships of the line?

Why were ships of the line less effective outside of pitched battles?

Therefore, what kind of ships filled the roles of patrolling, destroying enemy trade or escorting friendly ships?

What were frigates like?

Why were frigates appealing to young captains?

On the frigate 'Speedy', Captain Cochrane captured or destroyed how many French ships, and in how many months, between 1800-01?

In 1815, the Royal Navy finished the Napoleonic Wars with how many ships of the line and how many frigates? What did this rapidly reduce to?

By 1835, the Royal Navy only had how many operational ships of the line?

Their position of naval hegemony meant what?

Where were steamships first effective, and what was the result of this?

What year was the first steam powered frigate launched in Britain, and in France?

In 1850, what was significant about the launch of the Napoleon?

What did the Navy need to hit enemy ships?

These were not produced until when?

These guns could easily do what, and why was this concerning?

What year was first ironclad, and what did this result in?

What year were sails completely abandoned with the launch of what ship?

What was HMS Devastation like?

What did the launch of the HMS Devastation symbolise?

Why did the end of the Age of Sail have major implications for ports, especially on the trade route to India and the West Indies?

Give an example of why the ports were so vital for steamers?

Britain sought to maintain the two power standard. What does this mean?

What did the Admiralty argue, regarding rapidly expanding and committing to supremacy?

What year was the Naval Defence Act and, in it, what did Britain commit to?

But, in the same period, France and Russia increased their joint production to how many battleships?

In 1904 John Fisher, first sea lord of the Admiralty, introduced a modernisations programme. What did this consist of?

What were Fisher's intentions for the modernisation programme?

Fisher's idea culminated in what?

Despite this, what happened?

Why was life in the navy tough?

In 1794, what was an able seaman's wage?

Because of the tough conditions and the chance of injury and death, the navy struggled to do what?

Because it struggled to find volunteers, what dd the navy rely on?

So the burden of impressment was felt less, from the 17th century, the government adopted its 'blue water' policy. What did this mean?

How did government policy further support this relationship, through the passing of the Navigation Acts (1660s)?

The Royal Navy's role developed from a mutually beneficial exchange of protection for manpower with British merchant ships, to what?

Supporters of the slave trade argued that it was what?

This argument was less persuasive, when?

In 1788 the abolitionist, Thomas Clarkson, produced figures stating what?

What did Clarkson's figures show?

What happened in 1807?

In 1808, what was created to stop the transatlantic slave trade, and what was the result of this?

In 1829, out of the 792 men on the West African squadron, how many died?

In 1831, the Spanish slavers, called what, threw how many chained slavers overboard while being chased by the Royal Navy?

In 1840s, the Royal Navy began using what, and why?

What was the name of the paddle steamer, and how many slave ships did it capture between 1844-46?

By contrast, slavers began using what kind of ships, and why?

The slavers use of clipper ships put the West African squadron at a disadvantage until what?

From 1810-60, the Royal Navy captured and freed how many slaves?

However, freed slaves only represented what percent of the total number shipped to the Americas during this time?

Why was the suppression of piracy in the Indian Ocean a major task?

When was French threats from the Isle de France eliminated?

Since the late 16th century, pirates and slavers had operated where?

The pirates around the Barbary States were well armed and organised enough to capture shipping and undertake large coastal raids. Between the 16th-19th century, they captured how many Europeans?

The Royal Navy had been strong enough to do what?

However, who was vulnerable to the Beys?

What year was an expedition, under Admiral Pellet, Lord Exmouth, sent to North Africa? What was the result of this?

But before Exmouth returned to England, what happened?

How did Exmouth respond to the massacre?

How did the Bey of Algiers respond to Exmouth's bombardment?

However, the bombardment wasn't entirely effective. Why?

This shows the role of the Royal Navy as what?

What does Pax Britannic mean?

With navigation, the Royal navy was haunted by what?

Between 1803-15 out of the 317 Royal Navy ships lost, how many ran aground on dangerous coastline or sank at sea? What does this show?

In 1768, what did the Royal Society propose?

What did the Admiralty want to do?

Who was appointed to lead the mission?

Between what years did Captain Cook successfully complete a circumnavigation of the globe?

Although Cook was unable to take accurate measurements of the transit of Venus, why was his voyage important?

What year was Cook killed in Hawaii?

After 1795, why did exploration become more systematic?

To calculate position at sea, it's necessary to know what?

What issues did this raise?

What year was this issue solved, and how?

What did the acquisition of Malta, Ceylon and the Cape in 1815 show?