The hypothetico-❌ model is a process allowing us to refine and ❌ scientific theory. Its also known as the scientific ❌. The researcher makes an ❌ of phenomena in the world. They then develop a theory or hypothesis to explain the observation. This hypothesis is tested using ❌ methods and the results are ❌ to evaluate whether the hypothesis is supported or not. If not, the theory is ❌ and modified before tested again etc.

❌- copying the behaviour we have observed in a role model who may/may not have received a reward.
❌- Occurs when we see ourselves as being similar to particular individual
❌- Refers to copying behaviour of individual who is viewed as a role model.

Vicarious ❌ occurs when the consequences we observe are negative and so we are not motivated to imitate behaviour.
Vicarious ❌ occurs when the consequences we observe are positive and so we are more likely to imitate the behaviour.

Match the defence mechanism in the psychodynamic approach with its definition.
❌- Involves blocking external events from awareness.
❌- Acting on desire causes anxiety, so desire is repressed.
❌- In which experiences or wishes in conscious mind are made unconscious.

Pavlov (1902) started from the idea that there are some things a dog does not need to learn. Dogs don't learn to salivate whenever they see food. This ❌ is "hard wired" into the dog (it is an ❌). In his research, Pavlov discovered that there were ❌ to classical conditioning. Stage 1 occurs ❌ conditioning. The unconditioned stimulus, in this case ❌, causes an ❌ (❌). Stage 2 occurs when the ❌, in this case a ❌, is introduced at the same time as the unconditioned stimulus, therefore causing the unconditioned response. When this has been adequately repeated, stage 3 will occur in which the neutral stimulus becomes the ❌ which causes the ❌ of salivation. Therefore, when the dogs heard the bell they would then salivate.