When you ask an experienced nurse why it is necessary to change the patient's bed every day, the nurse says, "I guess we have just always done it that way." This answer is an example of what type of knowledge?
Instinctitive knowledge
Scientific knowledge
Authoritative knowledge
Traditional knowledge
Which nursing actions reflect the use of philosophy as a knowledge base when delivering evidence-based care to patients?
A nurse interviews and examines a new patient diagnosed with prehypertension to formulate a care plan.
A nurse draws from personal experiences of being a patient to establish a therapeutic relationship with a patient.
A nurse searches the Internet to find the latest treatments for type 2 diabetes
A nurse uses spiritual training to draw strength when counseling a patient who is in hospice for an inoperable brain tumor.
A nurse follows the protocol for assessing postoperative patients in the ICU.
A nursing student studies anatomy and physiology of the body systems to understand the disease states of assigned patients.
A charge nurse meets with staff to outline a plan to provide transcultural nursing for patients in their health care facility. Which theorist promoted this type of caring as the central theme of nursing care, knowledge, and practice?
Madeline Leininger
Jean Watson
Dorothy E. Johnson
Betty Newman
A nurse is using general systems theory to describe the role of nursing to provide health promotion and patient teaching. Which statements reflect key points of this theory?
A system is a set of individual elements that rarely interact with each other.
The whole system is always greater than its parts.
Boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments.
A change in one subsystem will not affect other subsystems.
To survive, open systems maintain balance through feedback.
A closed system allows input from and to the environment.
A student nurse interacting with patients on a cardiac unit recognize the four concepts in nursing theory that determine nursing practice. Of these four, which is most important?
Person
Environment
Health
Nursing
A nurse manager schedules a clinic for the staff to address common nursing interventions used in the facility and to explore how they can be performed more efficiently and effectively. What is the term for this type of theory affecting change in clinical nursing practice?
Prescriptive theory
Descriptive theory
Developmental theory
General systems theory
When conducting quantitative research, the researcher collects information to support a hypothesis. This information would be identified as:
The subject
Variables
Data
The instrument
Which type of quantitative research is often conducted to examine the effects of nursing interventions on patient outcomes?
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Quasi-experienced research
Experimental research
Which method of qualitative research was developed by the discipline of anthropology?
Historical
Ethnography
Grounded thory
Phenomenology
A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format. What does the letter P represent?
Comparison to another similar treatment
Clearly defined, focused literature review
Specific identification of the desired outcome
Explicit descriptions of the population of interest
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin break down. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which will be the "O" in the team's PICO question.
The currently used turning schedule
Turning clients more frequently
Preventing skin bread down
Clients who have experienced a stroke
Of the following, which best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks guide physiologic nursing care.
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge an practice.
Theoretic frameworks guide psychosocial nursing care
Theoretic frameworks advance the ethical aspects of practice
When delivering nursing care, which of the following theories assists nurses in prioritizing the care to be implemented?
Health care systems theory
Unitary man theory
Maslow's theory
Freud's theory
The nurse researcher would like to gather data on the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and health care. What is the most effective form of research on this topic?
A Delphi study
Qualitative research
Quantitative research
Methodologic survey
What is the best explanation for the way evidence based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now incorporates research studies into client care
Nurses now have to part in research
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care
Nurses now spend time looking up the best way to give nursing care
One of the primary focuses in nursing research is to do what?
Quantify outcomes related to patients
Generate knowledge to guide practice
Determine outcomes for patients
Prevent further disease and death
Which of the following represents the basic framework of the research process?
Qualitative data
Nursing process
Quantitative data
Nursing theory
Information is collected for analysis in both qualitative and quantitative research. What is the information called?
Interviews
Surveys
Answers
What is the central theme of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory?
Nursing is an art
Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal oriented process
Human are in a constant relationships with stressors in the environment
Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment
How would a student nurse describe a conceptual framework?
A foundation for nursing skills and care.
A group of interrelated objects that follow a pattern
An explanation of nursing and nursing practice
A set of phenomena and related abstractions
What is the central theme of Hildegard Peplau's nursing theory?
Humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment
Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal and goal-oriented process
Who of the following is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
Sister Callista Roy
Dorothea Orem
Lydia Hall
What is the central theme of Betty Numan's nursing theory?
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required less intervention for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
Nursing research helps improves ways to promote and maintain health
Nursing research explains ongoing medical studies to clients, and asks for participation
Nursing research involves client in their care while hospitalized
Nursing research draws conclusions about the quality of client care
Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher?
Lilian Wald
Dorethea Dix
Clara Barton
For which of the following research activities is a phenomenological research method most appropriate?
Explaining how the particular characteristics of the Vietnam War affected the roles of nurses
Understanding how a new client copes with a new diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Attempting to understand non-English speaking immigrant's experiences of being hospital clients
Describing the health maintenance activities that are practiced by homeless, intravenous drug users
A male client 79 years of age, who is postoperative Day 3 following hip replacement has been approached by a nurse researcher and asked to participate in a research study. This study will test a new rehabilitation strategy. What aspect of the nursing research process addresses the client's understanding of the potential risks and benefits of the study?
Going through the informed consent process with the client
Giving the client the opportunity to ask questions about the study
Meeting with the hospital's institutional review board (IRB)
Obtaining the client's signature on a permission document
Which of the following theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?
Adaptation theory
The nurse working in research correctly identifies which of the following to be mandatory for the ethical conduction of research in a hospital setting?
The client must directly and personally benefit from the research
All interventions must benefit all clients
Clients must grant informed consent if they are to participate
Descriptive studies are more ethical than experimental studies
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Formulating clinical question
Searching the literature
Appraising evidence
Evaluating practice change
A nursing student is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The student is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article (and the finds of the research) is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nursing student reading?
Review of the literature
Results
Conclusions
Abstract
A nursing researcher is examining the cause and effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description?
Quasi-experimental research
Following the identification of a researchable problem, what must the nurse do?
Select literature relevant to the problem.
Determine a source appropriate to collect data
Evaluate the number of ways to collect data
Obtain a list of possible outcomes
