Which of the following are features of cancer cells?
autonomic & immortal
static & aplastic
transformational & variable
anaplastic & lacking apoptosis
Which of the following can act as tumor markers?
proteins
vitamins
hormones
antibodies
antigens
Tumor markers can confirm diagnosis of some cancers.
Which of the statements below is FALSE?
Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla.
Adrenaline can act as a tumor marker.
PSA is a tumor marker specifically for prostate cancer
Tumor markers can be found in blood, urine and CSF.
Gene mutations can result in...... (Select the INCORRECT answer)
Repeated division of telomeres.
Activation of tumor suppression genes.
Cancer cells stimulating angiogenesis
Stimulation of growth promotion pathways
Transformation of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes.
Regarding the contribution of obesity to cancer, which of the following statements are true?
BMI greater than 30 linked to cancer.
The endocrine and metabolic activity of adipose tissue is thought to contribute to cancer development
The increased release of FFA and TNF is thought to contribute to cancer development
Increased levels of insulin is also linked to cancer development.
Which of the following sets of factors all increase the risk of cancer development?
CHronic inflammation, over-exertion, poor diet and television.
Viruses, bacteria, chronic inflammation and environmental factors
smoking, radiation, alcohol and shopping
Ulcerative colitis, chronic asthma, physical inactivity and Epstein Barr Virus
Select the true statements regarding pharmacological management of cancer.
Narcotic analgesics act to inhibit the release of substance P
Adverse effects of narcotic analgesics include diarrhoea, psychological disturbances and vomiting
Fentanyl is slow to act but has a long half life.
Accumulation of morphine can result in coma
Buprenorphine and azathioprine are used in the treatment of terminal cancer pain
Select the cytotoxic agents
Calcium channel blockers
Antiarbitrucins
Antimetabolites
Alkylating agents
Hormonal agonists
Hormonal inhibitors
Chlorambucil and Carboplatin target the mechanism for cell division
The antiandrogenic drug Flutamide is administered to prostate cancer sufferers.
5-fluorouacil (5-FU) is an hormonal inhibitor that acts by blocking synthesis of pyramidine nucleotides
Side effects common to alkylating agents, antibiotic-type agents and antimetabolites include
Bone marrow suppression
GI disturbances
mouth ulcers
impaired fertility
bleeding
