Risk factors:

Lifestyle, social and environmental factors

Cigarette smoking.
Lack of regular physical exercise.
Diet:
- Lack of fruit and vegetables.
- High-fat - the type of fat is important - eg trans fats increase CVD risk.
- Lower intake of omega-3 fatty acids
High alcohol intake (moderate alcohol intake may be protective).
Psychosocial factors
Hypertension.
Diabetes mellitus (probably through mechanisms of hyperglycaemia, lipoprotein abnormalities, and inflammation)
Hyperlipidaemia:
- Raised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.
- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and its apolipoproteins (apos) A-I and A-II are protective.
- Raised triglycerides (possibly).
Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity (including metabolic syndrome).
Systemic inflammation - eg, in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, human immunodeficiency virus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis and periodontitis.

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Notas sobre Atherosclerosis , criado por bessimajamal em 10-06-2014.