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Brain and mind

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hard Psychology (year one ) Quiz sobre Brain and mind , criado por Sarah Warburton em 06-02-2018.
Sarah Warburton
Quiz por Sarah Warburton, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Sarah Warburton
Criado por Sarah Warburton mais de 6 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
The central sulcus
Responda
  • goes from the top of the brain to the lateral fissure
  • separated the two hemispheres from one another
  • forms one border of the occupational cortex
  • is the seat of the primary auditory cortex

Questão 2

Questão
How is a cortical region that deals with more than low level perception called?
Responda
  • superior cortex
  • connected cortex
  • association cortex
  • interactive cortex

Questão 3

Questão
Which of the following is most clearly associated with primary visual function?
Responda
  • inter-hemispheric fissure
  • calcarine fissure
  • lateral fissure
  • central sulcus

Questão 4

Questão
the primary auditory cortex is not
Responda
  • a portion of the parietal lobe
  • located within the lateral fissure
  • located in the superior temporal cortex
  • organised based on sensitivity to sound frequency

Questão 5

Questão
The front of the brain is...
Responda
  • on the side of the occiput
  • where the brain is thinner rather than bulkier
  • on the same side as the cerebellum
  • none of the above

Questão 6

Questão
Evolutionary increase of the human brain's computational power was made possible by
Responda
  • neoteny, the ability of the human body to mature after birth
  • the cortex becoming folded this is increasing the surface area
  • neural selection and reduction of redundant connections between neutrons
  • all of the above

Questão 7

Questão
Which direction is towards the top of the brain?
Responda
  • ventral
  • dorsal
  • posterior
  • temporal

Questão 8

Questão
Looking at the brain from underneath, one can see:
Responda
  • the central sulcus
  • the corpus collosum
  • the calcarine fissure
  • none of the above

Questão 9

Questão
The inter-hemispheric fissure
Responda
  • runs from the top to the side of the brain
  • runs along the top of the superior temporal cortex
  • separates the left and right hemisphere of the brain
  • none of the above

Questão 10

Questão
the primary visual cortex is located
Responda
  • just behind the eyes, in the frontal cortex
  • posterior to the central sulcus
  • on the ventral surface of the brain
  • in the Broca's area to the left and right of the brain

Questão 11

Questão
neurons
Responda
  • are sensory cells whereas astrocytes are motor cells
  • are the only type of cell encountered in the brain
  • can communicate with one another through synapses
  • are only found in the cerebral cortex of the brain

Questão 12

Questão
the thalamus
Responda
  • acts as a pacemaker for the attention in the brain
  • is located under the hypothalamus
  • is not connected to the visual system
  • is a single nucleus in the brain

Questão 13

Questão
the hypothalamus is primarily involved in
Responda
  • visual perception
  • central hormone control
  • general body sensitivity
  • language comprehension

Questão 14

Questão
a synapse is where
Responda
  • action potentials jump from one neurone to another neurone
  • neurotransmitters from the presynaptic enter the post synaptic neurone
  • action based potential communication is relayed by chemical communication
  • neurones have their membranes fuse together to make a network

Questão 15

Questão
oligodendrocytes are
Responda
  • neurone with many axonal extensions
  • cells specialised in the immune response
  • proteins set in the membrane of neurones
  • cells insulating the axon of several neurones

Questão 16

Questão
all neurones have
Responda
  • a soma, dendrites and an axon
  • an axon, myelin sheaths, and neurotransmitters
  • a soma, dendrites and synapses
  • all of the above

Questão 17

Questão
the resting potential is the difference of charge
Responda
  • between the inside and the outside of the neurone when it is firing
  • between the axon hillock and the presynaptic membrane
  • across the neurones membrane when a neurone has died
  • none of the above

Questão 18

Questão
the action potential
Responda
  • is adaptable in size so that the neurone to communicate stimulus intensity
  • happens whenever the power of electrical stimulation received by the neurone
  • can be produced every millisecond to support frequency coding
  • can only happen when the neurone is at resting potential

Questão 19

Questão
neurones
Responda
  • are born a few weeks before we are born and normally stay alive all our life
  • can be up to a meter long in order to reach the sacrum of the spinal cord
  • are always covered in myelin sheaths to increase communication speed
  • are only found in the cerebral cortex and the internal nuclei of the brain

Questão 20

Questão
saltatory conduction
Responda
  • correct is not possible on the surface of neurones that have ranvier nodes
  • corresponds to the jumping of action potentials from one neurones to the next
  • is prevented by the insulating sheath of myelin covering neurones
  • allows action potentials to travel faster down the myelinated axon

Questão 21

Questão
images presented in the nasal field of view are
Responda
  • percieved by the dominant right visual cortex
  • half-percieved by the left visual cortex and half-percieved by the right visual cortex
  • processed mainly by the fovea
  • provide more detail but less motion information

Questão 22

Questão
the face inversion effect
Responda
  • is an argument in favour of non-specificity for face processing in the human brain
  • is the proof for the exsistence of a face module in the inferior temporal lobe
  • corresponds to a change in facial expression when a face if shown upside-down
  • none of the above

Questão 23

Questão
pure prosopagnosia is a syndrome in which the patient
Responda
  • is unable to produce and comprehend language although vision is normal
  • has a selective incapacity to identify colours and shapes
  • is unable to recognise faces although object recognition can be close to normal
  • is unable to name faces but can still recognize photos of them

Questão 24

Questão
which of the following does not usually relate to visual function?
Responda
  • a lesion in the visual association cortex
  • Brocas asphasia
  • a lesion in the primary visual cortex
  • prosopagnosia

Questão 25

Questão
neurons in the visual association cortex
Responda
  • all have the ability to respond to stimulus lightess
  • cannot respond to contrast and motion at the same time
  • cannot respond to shape and motion simulateneously
  • can indivually respond to faces without responding to face parts

Questão 26

Questão
which of the following is part of the human eye
Responda
  • the lens
  • the pupillus
  • the retinalis
  • the filter

Questão 27

Questão
images received on the retina are inverted (left-right, up-down), and it is overall the same in the
Responda
  • the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
  • the visual association cortex
  • the primary visual cortex
  • none of the above

Questão 28

Questão
the visual cortex is where
Responda
  • decisions regarding the response to visual information are made
  • visual information is selectively merged with olfactive information
  • the most basic aspects of visual information are processed
  • none of the above

Questão 29

Questão
prosopagnosia is generally the consequence of a lesion in the
Responda
  • visual association cortex
  • superior temporal lobe
  • calcarine fissure
  • fronto-temporal regions

Questão 30

Questão
pure prosopagnosia is a syndrome in which the patient
Responda
  • is unable to produce and comprehend language although vision normal
  • has a selective incapacity to identify colour and shapes
  • is unable to recognise faces although object recognition can be close to normal
  • is unable to name faces but can still recognize them on photographs

Questão 31

Questão
which of the following does not usually relate to visual function
Responda
  • a lesion in the visual association cortex
  • Brocas asphasia
  • a lesion in the primary visual cortex
  • prosopagnosia

Questão 32

Questão
images presented in the nasal field of view are
Responda
  • percieved by dominant right visual cortex
  • half-percieved to the left visual cortex and half-percieved by the right visual cortex
  • processed mainly by the fovea
  • provide more detail but less motion information

Questão 33

Questão
prosopagnosia is generally the consequence of a lesion in the
Responda
  • visual association cortex
  • superior temporal lobe
  • calcarine fissure
  • fronto-temporal regions

Questão 34

Questão
the philosophy, the earliest systematic interest in the mind-body problem in phliosophy began
Responda
  • an ancient​ greece
  • with Rene Descartes
  • with Thomas Hobbes
  • With BF Skinner​

Questão 35

Questão
As regards the mind-brain problem, the materialist monist position holds that
Responda
  • there is only kind of object: the mind
  • there is only kind of object: the brain
  • there are two kinds of objects: the brain and the mind
  • there are three kinds of objects: the brain, the mind and the soul

Questão 36

Questão
as regards the mind-brain problem, the idealistic monist position holds that
Responda
  • there is only the kind of object: the brain
  • there is the only kind of object: the mind
  • there are two kinds of objects: the brain and mind
  • there are three kinds of objects: the mind, the brain, and the soul

Questão 37

Questão
as regards the mind-brain problems, which approach holds that hat there is only one kind of object, but that it appears quite different when viewed through different classes of sense organ
Responda
  • materialist monism
  • idealist monism
  • substance dualism
  • dual aspect monism

Questão 38

Questão
which of the following is NOT true of Rene Descartes
Responda
  • he emphasised the importance of the pineal gland for mind and brain interactions
  • he reported the important case of Phineas Gage
  • he is regarded as the key thinker for the position of dualism
  • he is well known for his phrase 'Cogito ergo sum' (i think therefore i am)

Questão 39

Questão
which behaviourist psychologist believed that mind was an epihenomenon, or an illusion, and thus that humans might be regarded as zombies or robots?
Responda
  • JB Watson
  • BF Skinner
  • Antonio Damasio
  • David Chalmers

Questão 40

Questão
lesions to which brain structures produce loss of conciousness and coma?
Responda
  • frontal lobe
  • hippocampus
  • upper brain stem
  • pituitary gland

Questão 41

Questão
if we could locate the brain systems that underpin consciousness we would have solved (following Charmers) the:
Responda
  • the hard problem of conciousness
  • the easy problem of conciousness
  • the problem of core conciousness
  • the problem of extended conciousness

Questão 42

Questão
which of the following disorders can be regarded as examples of loss of core consciousness?
Responda
  • expressive asphasia (after left frontal lesion)
  • episodic memory impariment (after bilateral temporal lesions)
  • dysexecutive disorder (after bilateral frontal lesion)
  • none of the above are examples of loss of core consciousness

Questão 43

Questão
which of the following is not true of the disorder encephalitis lethargica (von Economo disease)
Responda
  • it results from damage to dopamine producing cells
  • it occured just after world war I, as a flu-like illness
  • it resulted from a lesion to the hippocampus
  • it produces a disorder of loss of initiation and agency, but with intact conciousness

Questão 44

Questão
In philosophy, the earliest systematic interest in the mind-body problem in philosophy began
Responda
  • Ancient Greece
  • Rene Descartes
  • Thomas Hobbs
  • BF Skinner

Questão 45

Questão
As regards with brain-mind problem, the materialist monist positions holds that
Responda
  • there is only one kind of object: the mind
  • there is only one kind of object: the brain
  • there are two types of objects: the brain and mind
  • there are three kinds of object: the brain, the mind and the soul

Questão 46

Questão
As regards to the brain-mind problem, the idealist monist postition holds that
Responda
  • there is only kind of object: the mind
  • there is only kind of object: the brain
  • there is two kinds of objects: the brain and the mind
  • that there are three types of objects: the brain, the mind and the soul

Questão 47

Questão
As regards for the brain-mind problem, which approach holds that there is only one kind of object, but that is appears quite different when viewed through different classes of sense organ?
Responda
  • materialistic monism
  • idealistic monism
  • substance dualism
  • dual aspect monism

Questão 48

Questão
which of the following is not true of Rene Descartes?
Responda
  • he emphasised the importance of the pineal gland for mind brain interaction
  • he reported the importance cause of phinease gage
  • he is regarded as the key thinker for the position of dualism
  • he is well known for his phrase 'cogito ergo sum' (' i think therefore I am')

Questão 49

Questão
which behaviourist psychologist believed that mind was a epiphenomenon, or an illusion, and thus humans might be regarded zombies or robots?
Responda
  • JB watson
  • BF Skinner
  • Antonio Damasio
  • David Chambers

Questão 50

Questão
lesion to which brain structure produces loss of consciousness and coma?
Responda
  • frontal lobes
  • hippocampus
  • upper brain stem
  • pituitary gland

Questão 51

Questão
which of the following disorders can be regarded as examples of a loss of core consciousness
Responda
  • expressive aphasia (after a left frontal lesion)
  • episodic memory impairment (after bilateral temporal lesions)
  • dysexecutive disorder (after bilateral frontal lesion)
  • none of the above

Questão 52

Questão
if we could locate the brain systems that underpin conciousness we would have solved (following Chambers) the
Responda
  • the hard problem of the consciousness
  • the easy problem of the consciousness
  • the problem of the core consciousness
  • the problem of the extended consciousness

Questão 53

Questão
which of the following is not true of the disorder encephalitis lethargica (von economo disease)?
Responda
  • it results from damage to the dopamine producing cells
  • it occurred after just after WW1, as like a flu like illness
  • it resulted from lesions to the hippocampus
  • it produces a disorder of loss of initiation and agency, but with intact consciousness

Questão 54

Questão
which of the following is not true of the way that corvids (such as crows and ravens) hide objects when observed by other birds
Responda
  • they hide the object more quickly
  • they hide behind an intervening object
  • they distract the other bird by making loud noise
  • they wait until other bird has left before hiding

Questão 55

Questão
which is true of the 'rouge' or spot test
Responda
  • it is a measure of self-awareness
  • it involves the use of a mirror
  • is has been successfully passed by several non-human species
  • it is usually passed by children after they reach an age of six months

Questão 56

Questão
which behaviour has not been observed in cephalopod species (squad, octopus ect)
Responda
  • hiding in coconut shells, as examples of tool use
  • moving coconut shells, as examples of tool use
  • signing, using tenticles, as examples of language use
  • opening jars as examples of problem solving

Questão 57

Questão
which of the following is true to chimpanzee language?
Responda
  • Nim Chimpsky is a famous chimpanzee language learner
  • Noam Chimpsy is a famous chimpanzee language learner
  • all chimpanzee language acquisition is a result of simple stimulus-response learning
  • no chimpanzee has ever learned sign language

Questão 58

Questão
which of the following brain structures are best conserved across the last 500 million years of vertebrate solution
Responda
  • the brain stem
  • the frontal lobe
  • the thalamus
  • the hippocampus

Questão 59

Questão
which of brain structure is not associated with the experience of basic emotions
Responda
  • the brain stem
  • the frontal lobes
  • the hypothalamus
  • the anterior cingulate gyrus

Questão 60

Questão
which of the following is not true of the behaviour of mammals after parent infant seperation
Responda
  • soon after seperation (ie acutely), the infant makes distress vocalisation
  • after substantial time has passed seperation (ie chronically), the infant is passive and subdued
  • distress vocalisation can be decreased in the infant by contact comfort
  • distress vocalisation can be increased in the infant by administering opiates

Questão 61

Questão
in 1971, Jane Goodall described that a chimpanzee avoided retrieving a piece of fruit in front of the others, because she might have to share the fruit. Here Goodall was reporting an example of
Responda
  • theory of mind
  • mirror self awareness
  • tool use
  • problem solving

Questão 62

Questão
Thomas Nagels famous essay about bats and animal minds suggested that...
Responda
  • theres evidence
  • no current evidence
  • don’t know what it’s like as it’s impossible due to principle
  • none of the above

Questão 63

Questão
Alex the parrot is not able to
Responda
  • name qualities
  • name colours and shapes
  • understand concepts such a larger and different
  • ask questions

Questão 64

Questão
the orbitalfrontal cortex
Responda
  • lies behind the central sulcus
  • inhibits socially inacceptable behaviour
  • is spared by prefrontal lobotomy
  • is another name for Brocas area

Questão 65

Questão
In a patient with bilateral destruction of the amygdala, which of these symptoms would be lease expected
Responda
  • the incapability to determine that pictures depicit concrete or abstract objects
  • low memorisation of emotionally negative events presented in a story
  • reduced bilateral activation of the amygdala while viewing the negative pictures
  • the same startle response while viewing neutral and unpleasant pictures

Questão 66

Questão
the limbic system is involved in
Responda
  • emotions and balancing
  • memory and language
  • language, balance and sleep
  • memory and emotions

Questão 67

Questão
change in behaviour
Responda
  • following brain injury can be exactly predicted from brain lesions
  • cannot modify the structure and/or function of the human brain
  • are more complex for association cortex lesions than primary sensory lesions
  • the ​result from physical alterations of brain tissue, not chemical changes

Questão 68

Questão
prefrontal lobotomy​
Responda
  • is the best method to treat patients with abnormal social behaviour
  • refers to the injection of neuroleptics in the prefrontal cortex
  • was developed because neuroleptics had not yet been invented
  • corresponds to the cutting of the corpus collosum

Questão 69

Questão
which of the following has least to do with emotions
Responda
  • the amygdala
  • the basal ganglia
  • the sense of smell
  • the peri-aqueductal grey matter

Questão 70

Questão
patients with a lesion in the amygdala
Responda
  • tend to be hyper sensitive to sudden noises and are started by them
  • tend to only remember emotional details when they read a story
  • don't understand well the content of speech but are bothered by prosody
  • none of the above

Questão 71

Questão
a member of an African tribe who had never had contact with our civilisation expressed emotions that are highly recognisable by european observers. This shows that...
Responda
  • people if Africa learnt to express emotion in the same way as Europeans
  • the African tribe in question in fact had unreported contacts with European civilisation
  • emotional expression has a genetic basis and is universal
  • all of the above

Questão 72

Questão
labotomy in the 1950s
Responda
  • involved removing the majority of the frontal lobe from the patients brain leaving them only sound tissue
  • was used as a last resort to assist patients with severe and debiliating anxiety attacks
  • was inspired by the case of Phinease Gage who survived a terrible accident
  • involved anesthesia and several hours of operation for every patient

Questão 73

Questão
frontal patients
Responda
  • have more violent urges to do things and are often seen as unstoppable by their family
  • manifest from major memory losses and struggle to remember things that have happened to them
  • show little interest in others and themselves and struggle to initate actions
  • have severly dystfunctional language in both comprehension and production

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