Questão 1
Questão
Which of these tumors can metastasize to the CNS?
Responda
-
thyroid
-
bronchus
-
breast
-
stomach
-
kidney
-
prostate
-
melanoma
-
ovarian
-
mouth
-
liver
Questão 2
Questão
Which of these is not a common CNS tumor in children?
Responda
-
astrocytoma
-
ependyoma
-
medullablastoma
-
schwannoma
Questão 3
Questão
Meninngioma is more common in women
Questão 4
Questão
Primary Brain Trauma
[blank_start]Car[blank_end] crashes
Falls
[blank_start]Bullet[blank_end] wounds
Secondary Brain Trauma
Brain [blank_start]bleeds[blank_end]
[blank_start]Swelling[blank_end]
Meningitis
Responda
-
Bullet
-
Car
-
bleeds
-
Swelling
Questão 5
Questão
Which of these are potential complications of meningitis?
Responda
-
sepsis
-
hearing loss
-
epilepsy
-
vision loss
-
death
-
learning difficulties
-
partial paralysis
-
loss of taste
-
anaphylaxis
-
psychogenic behaviors
Questão 6
Questão
What are the contraindications to lumbar puncture?
Questão 7
Questão
What is of clinical relevance regarding meningitis?
Responda
-
headache
-
fever
-
neck stiffness
-
photophobia
-
non-blanching rash
-
caused by virus, bacteria, or fungus
-
Kernig's sign
-
affects patient's balance/stability
-
in elderly cases, will resolve itself usually
-
blanching rash
Questão 8
Questão
Treat all suspected meningitis with:
IM [blank_start]benzylpenicillin[blank_end] in community
IV [blank_start]ceftriaxone[blank_end]/ cefotaxime
If meningococcal meningitis, close contacts give [blank_start]rifampicin[blank_end] prophylaxis
Responda
-
benzylpenicillin
-
ceftriaxone
-
rifampicin
Questão 9
Questão
If it's a meningitis medical emergency, treatment order:
Questão 10
Questão
Alzheimer's disease is inevitable in Down's syndrome
Questão 11
Questão
What is not a type of dementia?
Responda
-
Alzheimer's disease
-
Vascular dementia
-
Lewy body dementia
-
Fronto-temporal dementia
-
Cerebellar dementia
Questão 12
Questão
In [blank_start]Lewy[blank_end] [blank_start]Body[blank_end] dementia, the patient presents with fluctuating cognitive impairment, detailed visual hallucinations, and later [blank_start]parkinsonism[blank_end]. Histology is characterized by [blank_start]Lewy[blank_end] [blank_start]bodies[blank_end] in brainstem and neocortex.
Responda
-
Lewy
-
Body
-
Lewy
-
bodies
-
parkinsonism
Questão 13
Questão
[blank_start]Frontotemporal[blank_end] dementia is when there is frontal and temporal atrophy without Alzheimer histology.
Symptoms:
[blank_start]Behavioral[blank_end] and personality change
preservation of [blank_start]episodic[blank_end] memory and [blank_start]spatial[blank_end] orientation
[blank_start]disinhibition[blank_end]
emotional unconcern
Responda
-
Frontotemporal
-
disinhibition
-
episodic
-
spatial
-
Behavioral
Questão 14
Questão
[blank_start]Vascular[blank_end] dementia is due to the cumulative effects of many small strokes, thus sudden onset and stepwise deterioration is characteristic.
Look for evidence of [blank_start]vascular[blank_end] pathology.
Management: Manage [blank_start]vascular[blank_end] disease risk factors with [blank_start]lifestyle[blank_end] changes + [blank_start]medication[blank_end]
Responda
-
Vascular
-
vascular
-
vascular
-
lifestyle
-
medication
Questão 15
Questão
[blank_start]Alzheimer's[blank_end] [blank_start]disease[blank_end] is the acquired deficits of cognition, visual spatial skill, memory and verbal abilities.
Histology: characterised by neuritic [blank_start]plaques[blank_end] and [blank_start]neurofibrillary[blank_end] tangles (distinguishes from other dementias). Results in progressive neuronal damage and loss of [blank_start]acetylcholine[blank_end].
Responda
-
Alzheimer's
-
disease
-
neurofibrillary
-
acetylcholine
-
plaques
Questão 16
Questão
Alzheimer's disease
Management: [blank_start]Multidisciplinary[blank_end] approach
Medication: 1st line:
[blank_start]Donezepil[blank_end] (an [blank_start]Acetylcholine[blank_end] [blank_start]esterase[blank_end] inhibitor)
Responda
-
Donezepil
-
Acetylcholine
-
esterase
-
Multidisciplinary
Questão 17
Questão
What is not a major component of idiopathic parkinson's disease?
Responda
-
tremor
-
bradykinesia
-
rigidity
-
aphasia
Questão 18
Questão
Idiopathic parkinson's disease is due to the destruction of neurones in the [blank_start]substantia[blank_end] [blank_start]nigra[blank_end] where [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end] is produced.
Management: [blank_start]L[blank_end]-[blank_start]Dopa[blank_end]
Responda
-
Dopa
-
L
-
substantia
-
nigra
-
dopamine
Questão 19
Questão
The afferent light reflex is due to the occulomotor nerve (CN3)
Questão 20
Questão
[blank_start]Horner's[blank_end] [blank_start]syndrome[blank_end] is when the sympathetic nervous system to the eye is compromised.
Questão 21
Questão
What can cause Horner's syndrome?
Questão 22
Questão
Presentation of Horner's Syndrome:
Classic triad:
Unilateral [blank_start]miosis[blank_end] (constricted pupil)
Unilateral [blank_start]partial[blank_end] [blank_start]ptosis[blank_end] (eyelid drooping)
Unilateral apparent [blank_start]enophthalmos[blank_end] (sunken eye)
and Unilateral [blank_start]anhidrosis[blank_end] (inability to sweat)
Responda
-
miosis
-
partial
-
ptosis
-
enophthalmos
-
anhidrosis
Questão 23
Questão
[blank_start]Oculomotor[blank_end] [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] palsy presents as down and out pupil with a drooping eyelid.
Questão 24
Questão
Majority of the extrinsic eye muscles is controlled by the oculomotor nerve.
Questão 25
Questão
[blank_start]Trochlear[blank_end] [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] palsy presents as difficulty looking down in an adducted position.
Questão 26
Questão
Trochlear nerve is very susceptible to trauma.
Questão 27
Questão
[blank_start]Abducens[blank_end] [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] palsy presents as difficulty with abduction of eyes.
Questão 28
Questão
Abducens nerve is rarely injured but trauma can cause compression of it.
Questão 29
Questão
[blank_start]Post[blank_end]-[blank_start]herpetic[blank_end] [blank_start]neuralgia[blank_end] is a persistent nerve pain that occurs at the site of a previous attack of shingles. It is difficult to treat but can be managed via neuropathic pain agents such as [blank_start]amitriptyline[blank_end] or gabapentin.
Responda
-
neuralgia
-
herpetic
-
Post
-
amitriptyline
Questão 30
Questão
Ramsey Hunt Syndrome includes facial nerve palsy and hearing may be affected as a result.
Questão 31
Questão
What are unilateral causes for facial nerve palsy?
Questão 32
Questão
Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy causes [blank_start]sensorineural[blank_end] hearing loss.
[blank_start]Vertigo[blank_end] is the sensation of the room spinning
Questão 33
Questão
[blank_start]Glossopharyngeal[blank_end] nerve damage can lead to ipsilateral diminished taste sensation
Questão 34
Questão
[blank_start]Recurrent[blank_end] [blank_start]laryngeal[blank_end] nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve which supplies muscles of [blank_start]phonation[blank_end].
It is commonly injured in [blank_start]neck[blank_end] surgeries, which can lead to a [blank_start]hoarse[blank_end] voice
Responda
-
Recurrent
-
laryngeal
-
phonation
-
neck
-
hoarse
Questão 35
Questão
Damage to the vagus nerve can manifest as [blank_start]ipsilateral[blank_end] failure to raise soft palate with [blank_start]uvula[blank_end] deviation to the opposite side
Questão 36
Questão
Damage to the accessory nerve will manifest as weakness in [blank_start]rotating[blank_end] the head to [blank_start]opposite[blank_end] side of lesion and the weakness in [blank_start]shrugging[blank_end] shoulders.
Responda
-
rotating
-
opposite
-
shrugging
Questão 37
Questão
Hypoglossal nerve:
A unilateral [blank_start]LMN[blank_end] lesion causes:
tongue weakness and [blank_start]fasciculation[blank_end]
tongue [blank_start]deviates[blank_end] in the [blank_start]direction[blank_end] of nerve lesion
Responda
-
fasciculation
-
direction
-
deviates
-
LMN
Questão 38
Questão
What are the bulbar nerves, which all arise in the medulla and as a result, are commonly injured together.
Responda
-
CN 9-12
-
CN 4-7
-
CN 8 - 11
-
CN 2-6
Questão 39
Questão
Bulbar nerves all have similar pathologie that leads to dysphagia and dysarthria.
Questão 40
Questão
[blank_start]Pseudobulbar[blank_end] palsy: bilateral UMN lesion:
Spastic tongue (not wasted) no fasciculations
[blank_start]Exaggerated[blank_end] jaw jerk
[blank_start]Emotional[blank_end] liability
Traumatic brain injury or [blank_start]stroke[blank_end]
[blank_start]Bulbar[blank_end] palsy: bilateral LMN lesion:
Wasting of tongue with fasciculations
[blank_start]Normal[blank_end] jaw jerk
[blank_start]Myasthenia[blank_end] [blank_start]gravis[blank_end]
Responda
-
Pseudobulbar
-
Bulbar
-
Emotional
-
Myasthenia
-
gravis
-
Normal
-
Exaggerated
-
stroke
Questão 41
Questão
What is not a trigger for trigeminal neuralgia?
Responda
-
washing
-
shaving
-
wind
-
chewing
-
sunlight
Questão 42
Questão
ften caused by [blank_start]compression[blank_end] at [blank_start]cerebellopontine[blank_end] angle
Trigeminal neuralgia presents as severe [blank_start]pain[blank_end] (paroxysms of knife-like or electric shock). These pain spasms last for [blank_start]seconds[blank_end] with multiple episodes before a remission for [blank_start]months[blank_end] or even years before reoccurrence
Treatment: [blank_start]carbamazepine[blank_end], surgical [blank_start]decompression[blank_end], or [blank_start]ablation[blank_end]
Responda
-
cerebellopontine
-
compression
-
seconds
-
months
-
carbamazepine
-
decompression
-
ablation
-
pain