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BIOL 2P97

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Quiz sobre BIOL 2P97, criado por Kelly B em 14-04-2018.
Kelly B
Quiz por Kelly B, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Kelly B
Criado por Kelly B mais de 6 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?
Responda
  • Glycolysis
  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
  • Only B and C are correct

Questão 2

Questão
CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?
Responda
  • Glycolysis
  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
  • All of the above.
  • Only B and C are correct

Questão 3

Questão
___________ is the primary substrate for ATP production.
Responda
  • Amino acids.
  • Fatty acids.
  • Glucose.
  • Fructose.
  • None of the above.

Questão 4

Questão
The energy in ATP is released during _______?
Responda
  • The addition of an inorganic phosphate group to ADP.
  • The hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate group of ATP.
  • Catabolic reactions.
  • The electron transport system.
  • All of the above.

Questão 5

Questão
Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 6

Questão
The majority of body fluid is found within the _______.
Responda
  • Interstitial fluid.
  • Blood plasma.
  • Intracellular fluid.
  • Extracellular fluid.

Questão 7

Questão
Gastrointestinal tract performs:
Responda
  • Digestion.
  • Absorption.
  • Secretion.
  • Motility.
  • All of the above.

Questão 8

Questão
Which of the following is not used to digest proteins?
Responda
  • Trypsin.
  • chymotrypsin.
  • pepsin.
  • amylase.
  • All of the above are used to digest proteins.

Questão 9

Questão
Secretions from the liver are stored in the ______ until food has been ingested.
Responda
  • Pancreas.
  • Small intestine.
  • Large intestine.
  • Gall bladder.
  • Spleen.

Questão 10

Questão
Gastric acid (HCL aka stomach acid) is produced by ________ cells of the stomach.
Responda
  • Parietal Cells
  • Chief cells.
  • D cells.
  • G cells.
  • Mucous neck cells.

Questão 11

Questão
Long-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?
Responda
  • Ghrelin
  • Pancreatic peptide
  • Peptide YY
  • Oxyntomodulin
  • Leptin

Questão 12

Questão
The storage of which of the following nutrients cause(s) water retention in the body?
Responda
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Triglycerides
  • Only A and B.

Questão 13

Questão
Short-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?
Responda
  • Ghrelin
  • Pancreatic peptide
  • Peptide YY
  • Oxyntomodulin
  • All of the above

Questão 14

Questão
In the absence of O2, energy in the form of ATP is primarily produced by ______.
Responda
  • Glycolysis
  • The citric acid cycle
  • The electron transport chain
  • The conversion of pyruvate to lactate
  • All of the above.

Questão 15

Questão
Which of the following would be expected to increase the rate of chemical reaction?
Responda
  • Increasing the activation energy
  • Decreasing amount of reactions available
  • Increasing the amount of products
  • Decreasing activation energy
  • None of the above

Questão 16

Questão
Which of the following statements about enzymes is incorrect?
Responda
  • The activity of an enzyme can be regulated by factors present within a cell.
  • Most enzymes in humans have an optimal activity near the body's internal pH.
  • Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.
  • All enzymes are produced in active form.
  • All of the above statements are correct.

Questão 17

Questão
Facilitated diffusion uses ______ to move molecules across the plasma membrane.
Responda
  • Enzymes
  • Carrier protiens
  • Electron shuttles.
  • Structural proteins.
  • None of the above.

Questão 18

Questão
The majority of digestion occurs within the ______.
Responda
  • Stomach.
  • Small intestine.
  • Large intestines.
  • Esophagus.
  • Mouth.

Questão 19

Questão
Which of the following types of carbohydrates can be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?
Responda
  • Polysaccharides
  • Trisaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Monosaccharides
  • All of the above

Questão 20

Questão
Bile salts are important for digestion of _______.
Responda
  • Carbohydrates.
  • Proteins.
  • Lipids.
  • Amino acids.
  • None of the above.

Questão 21

Questão
______ refers to the loss of electromagnetic energy within the electromagnetic spectrum?
Responda
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Evaporation
  • Radiation
  • None of the above

Questão 22

Questão
Sweating utilizes which of the following mechanisms of heat loss?
Responda
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Evaporation
  • Radiation

Questão 23

Questão
Which of the following transport mechanisms moves molecules against their concentration gradient?
Responda
  • Simple diffusion
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Questão 24

Questão
Primary active transport functions by taking energy via the hydrolysis of ATP, whereas secondary active transport functions by taking energy from stored ionic concentrations within the cell (aka concentration gradients).
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 25

Questão
______ refers to all chemical reactions that take place within an organism.
Responda
  • Catabolism
  • Anabolism
  • Metabolism
  • Digestion
  • Secretion

Questão 26

Questão
The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal wall is the?
Responda
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis externa
  • Serosa
  • Muscularis intera

Questão 27

Questão
The myenteric plexus can be found within the
Responda
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis externa
  • Serosa
  • Mesentry

Questão 28

Questão
Which of the following enzymes is produced in the stomach?
Responda
  • Gastrin
  • Secretin
  • Trypsin
  • Pepsin
  • Amylase

Questão 29

Questão
Glucagon is produced by the ______ in the pancreas.
Responda
  • Alpha cells
  • Beta cells
  • D cells
  • G cells
  • None of the above

Questão 30

Questão
Which of the following nutrients could be used to sustain normal bodily function during months of starvation?
Responda
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • All of the above
  • Both A and B

Questão 31

Questão
______ refers to the transfer of heat between two touching objects
Responda
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Evaporation
  • Radiation

Questão 32

Questão
Which of the following is not a property of carrier-mediated transport?
Responda
  • Specificity.
  • Competition.
  • Saturation.
  • All of the above are properties of carrier mediated transport.
  • Both A and B are not properties of carrier-mediated transport.

Questão 33

Questão
The maintenance of a stable internal environment is known as ______.
Responda
  • Homeostasis.
  • Equilibrium.
  • Osmosis.
  • Disequilibrium.
  • None of the above.

Questão 34

Questão
Which of the following processes is used to move large molecules into a cell?
Responda
  • Exocytosis
  • Endocytosis
  • Phagocytosis
  • All of the above
  • Only B and C

Questão 35

Questão
______ increases blood glucose levels during the fasted state?
Responda
  • Glucagon
  • Insulin
  • Leptin
  • Neuropeptide Y
  • None of the above.

Questão 36

Questão
Material present within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract are considered to be external to the body.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 37

Questão
Glucagon is secreted by
Responda
  • Pancreatic alpha cells
  • Pancreatic beta cells
  • Stomach epithelial cells
  • Intestinal epithelial cells
  • The hypothalamus

Questão 38

Questão
Which one of the following statements about glucose homeostasis is correct?
Responda
  • Insulin is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose levels.
  • Glucagon is secreted in response to elevated blood glucose levels.
  • Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into tissues.
  • Glucagon promotes the uptake of glucose into tissues .
  • Diabetes melleitus is characterized by prolonged periods of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Questão 39

Questão
Which of the following scenarios would be expected to cause weight gain.
Responda
  • Decrease in resting metabolic rate
  • Increase in thermic effect of feeding
  • Decrease in food consumption
  • Increase in physical activity
  • None of the above

Questão 40

Questão
Energy metabolism occurs by taking oxygen and various carbon fuels in the form of fat, protein, or carbohydrates and breaking them down into ATP.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 41

Questão
_______ is an anabolic reaction that is fueled by ATP.
Responda
  • Cell growth
  • Cell repair
  • Making proteins
  • DNA and RNA synthesis
  • All of the above

Questão 42

Questão
ATP production occurs through ______.
Responda
  • Glycolysis
  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • Beta oxidation
  • Protein Catabolism
  • All of the above

Questão 43

Questão
Substrate level phosphorylation is _______ .
Responda
  • direct transfer of a phosphoryl group to ADP or GDP from another phosphorylated compound.
  • the loss of a phosphoryl group from ADP or GDP to a phosphorlyated comound.
  • Doesn't exist biologically.

Questão 44

Questão
High energy electrons are stripped form macromolecules during glycolysis, CaC, and pyruvate oxidation and sent to undergo beta oxidation for additional ATP production.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 45

Questão
The starting material for glycolysis includes
Responda
  • glucose and 2 ATP
  • 4 ATP and 2 glucose
  • 2 ATP and 2 glucose
  • just glucose

Questão 46

Questão
The end products of glycolysis include
Responda
  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 2 NADH
  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP, 4 NADH
  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 4 NADH
  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 FADH2

Questão 47

Questão
If oxygen is available, what happens to pyruvate?
Responda
  • It enters the mitochondria and is converted into acetycl-CoA
  • It cannot enter the mitochondria and stays within the cytosol
  • It enters the electron transport chain
  • It enters the mitochondrial matrix

Questão 48

Questão
The citric acid cycle will not take pyruvate on its own - it must be converted to acetyl-CoA to enter the cycle.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 49

Questão
Acetyl-CoA = carrying a pyruvate. Coenzyme A = not carrying a pyruvate.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 50

Questão
When pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA an electron is taken from pyruvate to create an NADH.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 51

Questão
What happens to pyruvate if O2 is not present?
Responda
  • It is not shuttled into the mitochondria.
  • It is converted into lactate.
  • It enters the electron transport chain.
  • It is dissolved.
  • Both A and B.

Questão 52

Questão
In the process of pyruvate oxidation what are processes are involved:
Responda
  • Coenzyme A and pyruvate are converted by dehydrogenase into acetyl-CoA
  • Free energy released from pyruvate joins NAD+ to create NADH.
  • CO2 is produced in the production of acetyl-CoA which must be expelled from the cell.
  • All of the above.

Questão 53

Questão
When pyruvate is converted into lactate is enters the blood and travels to the liver where it breaks down back into pyruvate - next pyruvate is broken into its substrates which form together into a 6-carbon glucose which is put back into the blood for glycolysis.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 54

Questão
What are the end products of one cycle through the citric acid cycle?
Responda
  • 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2, 1 ATP
  • 1 NADH, 2 FADH2, 5 CO2, 3 ATP
  • It has to go through twice to get anything.
  • 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, 2 ATP

Questão 55

Questão
In the electron transport chain redox reactions fuel proton pumps that move H+ ions against their concentration gradient which drives ATP synthase within the mitochondrial matrix - this is known as the proton motive force.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 56

Questão
Glycogenesis is the breakdown of fructose to create glucose.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 57

Questão
Where is glycogen mainly stored?
Responda
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas
  • Small intestine

Questão 58

Questão
Lipase breaks down triglycerides into
Responda
  • 3 fatty acids and a glycerol
  • 5 fatty acids and a glucose
  • 3 fatty acids and a glucose
  • 3 fatty acids and a glycogen

Questão 59

Questão
When lipase breaks down a triglyceride what happens to its substrates?
Responda
  • glycerol enters glycolysis and the fatty acids undergo beta oxidation
  • they all enter the blood stream and go to the liver for storage
  • All of the above are possible.

Questão 60

Questão
Beta oxidation takes a fatty acid and breaks it down into 2 carbon acyl groups. These groups are then converted into acetyl-CoA which enters the CaC.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 61

Questão
Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from sugar. Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from substrates.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 62

Questão
Amino acids, glycerol, and lactate are substrates used to create glucose in glucogenesis and this occurs mainly in the liver.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 63

Questão
What are the functions of the cellular membrane?
Responda
  • Structure
  • Communication
  • Physical Isolation
  • Regulation of Exchange
  • All of the above

Questão 64

Questão
Desmones are cytoskeletal elements (aka keratin filaments) that attached to a proteinaceious plaque on the inner surface of the cell membrane. What do they do?
Responda
  • They allow neighbouring cells to be rigidly anchored to one another.
  • They allow for ions to pass through.
  • They prevent ions passing through.
  • They weaken bonds between cells.

Questão 65

Questão
What do G-protein coupled receptors do?
Responda
  • Enable communication across cellular membranes
  • Disable communication across cellular membranes
  • None of the above
  • All of the above

Questão 66

Questão
What are the four general functions of the digestive system?
Responda
  • Absorption, digestion, motility, secretion.
  • Absorption, motility, secretion, endocytosis.
  • Motility, secretion, transportation, exocytosis.
  • None of the above.

Questão 67

Questão
_____ is the movement of material from the lumen, into the cells, and into the extracellular fluid.
Responda
  • Absorption
  • Secretion
  • Digestion
  • Ingestion

Questão 68

Questão
Digestion is the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 69

Questão
The stomach is made up of the ________
Responda
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Antrum
  • Lumen

Questão 70

Questão
What makes up the small intestine?
Responda
  • Duodenum
  • Ileum
  • Jujenum
  • Secum

Questão 71

Questão
What are the accessory organs?
Responda
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas
  • The platypus

Questão 72

Questão
Which cells neutralize chyme through the secretion of bicarbonate.
Responda
  • Epethelial cells
  • Pancreatic duct cells
  • Parietal cells
  • A and B

Questão 73

Questão
What are the glands responsible for producing saliva within the mouth?
Responda
  • Parotid
  • Sublingual
  • Submandibular
  • Cricoid
  • Alveolar

Questão 74

Questão
The gastric glands are made up of parietal cells, mucous neck cells, and chief cells.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 75

Questão
The jujenum contains specialized structures that help protect the body from micro-organisms in food.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 76

Questão
CCK is secreted to decrease gastric motility and stimulate the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes when _____ is present.
Responda
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Yo momma

Questão 77

Questão
When _______ is present GIP and GLP-1 are released to stimulate insulin secretion.
Responda
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Protein
  • Kittens

Questão 78

Questão
Secretin
Responda
  • Inhibits gastric HCL secretion
  • Inhibits motility
  • Stimulates HCO3 secretion (bicarbonate)
  • All of the above

Questão 79

Questão
The large intestine can be divided into
Responda
  • ascending, descending, and sigmoid colon
  • ascending and descending colon
  • ascending, descending, and freudian colon

Questão 80

Questão
The hepatic portal vein prevents blood sugar from spiking by manipulating incoming nutrients before they go into circulation.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 81

Questão
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas?
Responda
  • Endocrine; takes materials in from the lumen
  • Exocrine; takes material out into interstitial fluid
  • None of the above
  • All of the above

Questão 82

Questão
Proteins must be broken down into peptides and amino acids for digestion and absorption.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 83

Questão
Type one diabetes is an autoimmune deficiency that results in the loss of pancreatic beta cells.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 84

Questão
What does protein digestion produce?
Responda
  • oligopeptides
  • amino acids
  • lipids
  • oligopeptides and amino acids
  • lipids and amino acids

Questão 85

Questão
What are lipids absorbed as
Responda
  • monoglycerides
  • fatty acids
  • cholesterol
  • None of the above
  • All of the above

Questão 86

Questão
Lipase and co-lipase are responsible for digesting triglycerides
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 87

Questão
All substrates of lipids are digested within miscelles.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 88

Questão
Chylomicrons are made up of
Responda
  • fatty acids
  • monoglycerides
  • fructose
  • sucrose
  • cholesterol
  • some proteins

Questão 89

Questão
Chylomicrons are excytosed into the blood
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 90

Questão
What is lipemia?
Responda
  • when blood serum appears clear after a high protein meal
  • when blood serum appears cloudy after a high fat meal
  • when urine appears clear after a high protein meal
  • when urine appears cloudy after a high fat meal

Questão 91

Questão
How do chylomicrons enter the blood
Responda
  • through the thoracic duct
  • through the portal vein
  • through the aorta
  • none of the above

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