14049983
Descrição
Quiz por Marina Martins, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Marina Martins
aproximadamente 6 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
When deoxygenated blood returns from circulation, it passes through the heart chambers and valves in what order?
Responda
-
RA > mitral valve > RV > pulmonary valve > LA > tricuspid valve > LV > aortic valve
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RA > tricuspid valve > RV > pulmonary valve > LA > mitral valve > LV > aortic valve
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LA > mitral valve > LV > pulmonary valve > RA > tricuspid valve > RV > aortic valve
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LA > pulmonary valve > LV > tricuspid valve > RA > aortic valve > RV > mitral valve
Questão 2
Questão
What artery directly provides the blood supply to the heart?
Responda
-
subclavian artery
-
coronary arteries
-
interlobular artery
-
pulmonary artery
Questão 3
Questão
What is the correct order of an vein's structure, starting from the layer closest to the lumen?
Responda
-
endothelium > internal elastic lamina > tunica media > tunica adventitia
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epithelium > tunica muscularis > serosa > vaso vasorum > tunica media
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endothelium > tunica adventitia > internal elastic lamina . tunica media
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epithelium > tunica adventitia > serosa > tunica media > external elastic lamina
Questão 4
Questão
What provides proteins to nourish a capillary's endothelium?
Responda
-
pericytes
-
endothelial cell
-
internal elastic lamina
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basal lamina
Questão 5
Questão
Sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers are located in which arterial layer?
Responda
-
tunica media
-
tunica adventitia
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tunica intima
-
internal elastic lamina
Questão 6
Questão
What are known as capacitance vessels?
Responda
-
veins
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arterioles
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capillaries
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large arteries
Questão 7
Questão
Which part of the capillary has the lowest filtration rate?
Responda
-
venous end
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the filtration rate is the same throughout the capillary
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arterial end
Questão 8
Questão
What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?
Responda
-
sinoatrial node
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atrioventricular node
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purkinje system
-
aortic valve
Questão 9
Questão
What is the correct order of conduction of the cardiac system?
Responda
-
SA node > atria > AV node > purkinje system > ventricular muscle
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SA node > purkinje system > AV node > ventricular muscle > atria
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AV node > atria > SA node > purkinje system > ventricular muscle
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AV node > purkinje system > SA node > ventricular muscle > atria
Questão 10
Questão
What causes the "funny" current?
Responda
-
calcium using leaky channels to enter the cell
-
opening of potassium channels
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sodium using leaky channels to enter the cell
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opening of calcium channels
Questão 11
Questão
Once threshold is hit during a pacemaker action potential, which ion channels open?
Responda
-
calcium
-
potassium
-
sodium
-
both potassium and sodium
Questão 12
Questão
What is the electrochemical link that allows cardiac muscle to act as a functional syncytium?
Responda
-
gap junctions
-
desmosomes
-
high mitochondrial density
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sarcomere
Questão 13
Questão
"Fast" type action potentials occur in which cardiac region?
Responda
-
pacemaker
-
ventricles
Questão 14
Questão
Which cardiac tissue has a shorter action potential duration?
Responda
-
pacemaker
-
ventricular tissue
Questão 15
Questão
AV valves are open during which stage(s) of the cardiac cycle?
Responda
-
ventricular diastole only
-
ventricular diastole and atrial systole
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ventricular systole only
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ventricular systole and atrial systole
Questão 16
Questão
What valves are open during the isovolumetric phase of the cardiac cycle?
Responda
-
both AV and semilunar valves
-
AV valves only
-
no valves are open
-
semilunar valves only
Questão 17
Questão
Overall, diastole makes up approximately what fraction of the cardiac cycle?
Responda
-
2/3
-
1/2
-
1/4
-
1/3
Questão 18
Questão
Aortic pressure is highest during
Responda
-
atrial systole
-
ventricular systole
-
isovolumetric phases
-
ventricular diastole
Questão 19
Questão
The dicrotic notch is caused by
Responda
-
the closure of the aortic valve
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the closure of the pulmonary valve
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the bulging of the AV valves
-
the closure of the AV valves
Questão 20
Questão
"Lub dub" is often used to describe the heart sounds of the cardiac cycle. What causes the "dub?"
Responda
-
closure of the AV valves
-
closure of the semilunar valves
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the rapid movement of blood in the ventricles
-
opening of the AV valves
Questão 21
Questão
The QRS complex of an electrocardiogram refers to
Responda
-
atrial depolarisation
-
ventricular depolarisation
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ventricular repolarisation
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AV conduction time
Questão 22
Questão
Using an ECG, what defines a first degree AV block?
Responda
-
prolonged PR intervals
-
more P waves than QRS complexes
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P waves and QRS complexes are complete dissociated
Questão 23
Questão
What would cause a decrease in heart rate?
Responda
-
increasing vagal tone
-
increasing sympathetic tone
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decreasing vagal tone
Questão 24
Questão
An abnormally low heart rate is known as
Responda
-
bradycardia
-
tachycardia
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normocardia
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arrhythmia
Questão 25
Questão
What could cause a lowered ventricular ejection fraction?
Responda
-
increased stroke volume
-
decreased stroke volume
-
decreased end diastolic volume
Questão 26
Questão
Which would increase cardiac output?
Responda
-
beta-adrenoceptor agonist
-
muscarinic agonist
-
increased afterload
-
decreased preload
Questão 27
Questão
Preload is synonymous with
Responda
-
venous pressure
-
arterial pressure
-
peripheral resistance
-
arterial volume
Questão 28
Questão
The energy of contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber is proportional to the initial fiber length at rest. This is known as
Responda
-
bohr's law
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starling's law
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wolff's law
-
poiseuille's law
Questão 29
Questão
Which of the following is a short-term regulator of blood pressure?
Responda
-
baroreceptor regulation
-
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
-
natriuretic peptides
-
vasopressin
Questão 30
Questão
What type of myocytes directly respond to both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation?
Responda
-
atrial myocytes
-
ventricular myocytes
-
both atrial and ventricular myocytes
Questão 31
Questão
What type of innervation would result in decreased inotropy?
Responda
-
parasympathetic innervation
-
sympathetic innervation
Questão 32
Questão
Baroreceptors are located in which layer of the arterial wall?
Responda
-
tunica adventitia
-
tunica media
-
basal lamina
-
endothelium
Questão 33
Questão
Baroreceptors are located in the
Responda
-
aortic arch
-
carotid sinus
-
aortic arch and carotid sinus
Questão 34
Questão
How would a decrease in blood pressure affect baroreceptor firing?
Responda
-
baroreceptor firing would rapidly increase during the change in pressure but eventually stabilize at a slightly faster firing rate
-
there would be a brief halt in firing during the change in blood pressure with a lowered rate of firing after the change
-
baroreceptor firing would be unaffected
-
baroreceptor firing would rapidly increase during the change but eventually stabilize at a lowered firing rate
Questão 35
Questão
Changes in blood pressure are sensed by which part of the brain?
Responda
-
medulla oblongata
-
pons
-
cerebral cortex
-
hypothalamus
Questão 36
Questão
What would activate the renin-angiontensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
Responda
-
increased blood pressure
-
increased parasympathetic innervation
-
increased sympathetic innervation
-
decreased NaCl load
Questão 37
Questão
What regulates vasopressin release?
Responda
-
baroreceptors
-
atrial receptors
-
ventricular receptors
-
both baroreceptors and atrial receptors
Questão 38
Questão
What is NOT caused by natriuretic peptide release?
Responda
-
glomerular arteriole dilation
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lowered TPR
-
inhibition of RAAS
-
increased blood volume
Questão 39
Questão
'Internal transfusion' occurs during
Responda
-
hypertension
-
hypovolaemia
-
hypervolaemia
-
increased sympathetic innervation
Questão 40
Questão
Which type of thrombosis has a large platelet component?
Responda
-
arterial thrombosis
-
venous thrombosis
-
all types of thromboses
Questão 41
Questão
What would inhibit platelet adhesion?
Responda
-
increased release of serotonin
-
increased thromboxane synthesis
-
increase in platelet cGMP
-
decrease in platelet cAMP
Questão 42
Questão
What is the enzymatic process in platelet adhesion involving the conversion of proenzymes to active enzymes?
Responda
-
coagulation cascade
-
haemostasis
-
contact activation
-
fibrinolysis
Questão 43
Questão
Which of the following is an endogenous anticoagulant?
Responda
-
thromboxane
-
ATIII
-
serotonin
-
ADP
Questão 44
Questão
Which of the following would inhibit coagulation?
Responda
-
increasing vitamin K synthesis
-
blocking ATIII synthesis
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use of a calcium chelator
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lowering platelet cAMP
Questão 45
Questão
Which drug acts independently of ATIII?
Responda
-
hirudin
-
heparin
-
LMW heparin
Questão 46
Questão
Which parasite can cause pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs?
Responda
-
Toxocara
-
Dirofilaria
-
Leishmania
-
Filaroides
Questão 47
Questão
Which lead is most commonly displayed on an ECG?
Responda
-
Lead I
-
Lead II
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Lead III
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Lead IV
Questão 48
Questão
Which pulse site is more sensitive to lowered blood pressure?
Responda
-
peripheral
-
central
-
there is no difference
Questão 49
Questão
While monitoring anesthesia for a patient during an orthopaedic procedure, you noticed the O2 saturation is at 99% while EtCO2 is 80 mmHg as well. Is the patient well ventilated? Which value would determine this?
Responda
-
No because of the high EtCO2
-
No because of the high O2
-
Yes because of the high O2
-
Yes because of the high EtCO2
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