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GAB - Respiratory System

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MCQ covering the 3 respiratory lectures in the graduate accelerated course at RVC.
Marina Martins
Quiz por Marina Martins, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Marina Martins
Criado por Marina Martins aproximadamente 6 anos atrás
15
1
0

Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Tidal volume refers to
Responda
  • the volume of air in the lungs when passively breathing
  • the lung volume when inhaling to the full extent of lung capacity
  • the lung volume of maximum inhalation to maximum exhalation
  • the volume of air left in the lungs after exhaling

Questão 2

Questão
Which animal would have the highest tidal volume?
Responda
  • Cow
  • Horse
  • Man
  • Dog

Questão 3

Questão
Which animal would have the lowest respiratory frequency?
Responda
  • Dog
  • Man
  • Cow
  • Horse

Questão 4

Questão
All domestic species have two clearly-defined lobes in their left lung, EXCEPT for...
Responda
  • horses
  • ruminants
  • pigs
  • carnivores

Questão 5

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the right lung?
Responda
  • cranial
  • middle
  • caudal
  • medial
  • accessory

Questão 6

Questão
Which animal(s) has its cranial lobe supplied by the tracheal bronchus?
Responda
  • Sheep
  • Cow
  • Pig
  • Horse
  • Dog

Questão 7

Questão
Which lung lobe lies along the ventral midline of the left and right lung?
Responda
  • cranial
  • caudal
  • medial
  • accessory
  • middle

Questão 8

Questão
Which pleura lines the lateral wall of the rib cage?
Responda
  • mediastinal pleura
  • diaphragmatic pleura
  • costal pleura
  • visceral pleura

Questão 9

Questão
Which structures are contained within the mediastinum?
Responda
  • lungs
  • thymus
  • trachea
  • heart
  • caudal vena cava
  • right phrenic nerve
  • oesophagus

Questão 10

Questão
Which pleura is attached to the surface of the lung?
Responda
  • pulmonary pleura
  • costal pleura
  • diaphragmatic pleura
  • mediastinal pleura

Questão 11

Questão
"Roaring" is usually caused by damage to which nerve?
Responda
  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Hypoglossal nerve

Questão 12

Questão
Which of the following make up the conducting airways?
Responda
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • terminal bronchioles
  • respiratory bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • alveolar sacs

Questão 13

Questão
Gas exchange occurs in the
Responda
  • conducting airways
  • respiratory zone

Questão 14

Questão
Dead spaces refer to areas that are ventilated but not perfused.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 15

Questão
What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
Responda
  • ciliated columnar epithelium
  • ciliated cuboidal epithelium
  • ciliated stratified squamous epitihelium
  • non-ciliated columnar epithelium

Questão 16

Questão
Which of the following are characteristics of the bronchus?
Responda
  • ciliated columnar epithelium
  • cuboidal epithelium
  • contains goblet cells
  • contains clara cells
  • has irregular plates of cartilage
  • has a vascular sheath known as the peribronchial

Questão 17

Questão
Which of the following are characteristics of bronchioles?
Responda
  • ciliated columnar epithelium
  • cuboidal epithelium
  • has goblet cells
  • has clara cells
  • has irregular plates of cartilage
  • has a vascular sheath known as the peribronchial sheath

Questão 18

Questão
Contraction of which structure allows for redistribution of gas in the lungs?
Responda
  • alveolar duct
  • alveolar sac
  • alveolus
  • respiratory bronchiole

Questão 19

Questão
What is considered the "exhcange tissue" of the lung?
Responda
  • Alveloli
  • Pneumocytes
  • Clara cells
  • Goblet cells

Questão 20

Questão
Connective tissue cells and fibers make up the alveolar interstitium.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 21

Questão
Which of the following is a consequence of pulmonary fibrosis?
Responda
  • large deposition of collage when prevents proper inspiration
  • large deposition of fibrin
  • invasion of basophils into the alveolar spaces
  • inefficient gas exchange
  • reduced compliance

Questão 22

Questão
Blood in the bronchial artery drains via the
Responda
  • common capillary network
  • bronchial veins
  • azygous veins

Questão 23

Questão
What type of muscle surrounds the airways in the lung?
Responda
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle

Questão 24

Questão
Fick's law refers to
Responda
  • how the rate of gas exchange is affected by the pressure difference, thickness and total surface area of a tissue
  • the binding affinity of oxygen and hemoglobin when related to acidity and carbon dioxide concentration
  • how the energy contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber is proportional to the initial fiber length at rest
  • how the binding of O2 to hemoglobin in the lungs causes the displacement of CO2 from hemoglobin

Questão 25

Questão
How would an increase in tissue thickness affect gas exchange?
Responda
  • it would decrease
  • it would increase
  • it would not change

Questão 26

Questão
What is the partial pressure of O2 at the arterial and venous ends of the pulmonary capillary respectively?
Responda
  • A: 40 mmHg V: 104 mmHg
  • A: 45 mmHg V: 110 mmHg
  • A: 104 mmHg V: 40 mmHg
  • A: 45 mmHg V: 40 mmHg

Questão 27

Questão
What is the partial pressure of CO2 at the arterial and venous ends of the pulmonary capillary?
Responda
  • A: 45 mmHg V: 40 mmHg
  • A: 40 mmHg V: 104 mmHg
  • A: 40 mmHg V: 45 mmHg
  • A: 110 mmHg V: 45 mmHg

Questão 28

Questão
All other factors being the same, which partial pressures would result in the slowest diffusion of O2 into the tissue?
Responda
  • Arterial blood PO2: 95 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 40 mmHg
  • Arterial blood PO2: 80 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 60 mmHg
  • Arterial blood PO2: 70 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 20 mmHg
  • Arterial blood PO2: 120 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 70 mmHg

Questão 29

Questão
In a normal animal, how would perfusion (Q) and ventilation (V) be affected in the lower region of the lung?
Responda
  • both Q and V would be higher but Q > V
  • both Q and V would be higher but V > Q
  • both Q and V would be equally lower
  • both Q and V would be lower but Q > V
  • both Q and V would be equally higher

Questão 30

Questão
In a normal animal, how would ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) be affected in the upper zone of the lungs?
Responda
  • both Q and V would be lower but V > Q
  • both Q and V would be lower but Q > V
  • both Q and V would be higher but V > Q
  • both Q and V would be higher but Q < V
  • both Q and V would equally increase
  • both Q and V would equally decrease

Questão 31

Questão
In the upper zone of the lung, ventilation is better than perfusion.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 32

Questão
A small degree of shunt occurs in which region of a healthy lung?
Responda
  • lower zone
  • mid zone
  • upper zone

Questão 33

Questão
A small degree of deadspace occurs in which region of a healthy lung?
Responda
  • lower zone
  • mid zone
  • upper zone

Questão 34

Questão
How would a tracheal blockage affect V/Q when compared to a normal long?
Responda
  • decreased V/Q
  • increased V/Q
  • there would be no change

Questão 35

Questão
A tracheal blockage would result in...
Responda
  • alveolar dead space
  • shunt

Questão 36

Questão
A thromboembolism would result in...
Responda
  • alveolar dead space
  • shunt

Questão 37

Questão
How would a thromboembolism in the pulmonary artery affect V/Q when compared to a normal long?
Responda
  • V/Q would increase
  • V/Q would decrease
  • there would be no change

Questão 38

Questão
How would a decrease in stroke volume affect V/Q?
Responda
  • V/Q would increase
  • V/Q would decrease
  • V/Q would be unaffected

Questão 39

Questão
How would a decrease in afterload affect V/Q?
Responda
  • V/Q would increase
  • V/Q would decrease
  • it would be unchanged

Questão 40

Questão
How does the partial pressure of oxygen affect hemoglobin-oxygen binding?
Responda
  • a high PO2 would cause O2 to bind to Hb
  • a high PO2 would cause O2 to be released from Hb
  • a low PO2 would cause O2 to be released from Hb
  • a low PO2 would cause O2 to bind to Hb

Questão 41

Questão
How would heavy exercise affect the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve?
Responda
  • it would shift to the right
  • it would shift to the left
  • it would be unchaged

Questão 42

Questão
Hemoglobin affinity for carbon monoxide is much lower than for oxygen.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 43

Questão
The majority of carbon dioxide is carried as...
Responda
  • dissolved CO2
  • HbCO2
  • HCO3-

Questão 44

Questão
Which of the following are muscles of inspiration?
Responda
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostal muscles
  • internal intercostal muscles
  • scalene muscles
  • abdominal muscles
  • no muscles are used

Questão 45

Questão
Resting breathing uses which muscles for expiration?
Responda
  • no muscles are used
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostal muscles
  • scalene muscles
  • abdominal muscles
  • internal intercostal muscles

Questão 46

Questão
Breathing during exercise uses which muscles for expiration?
Responda
  • no muscles are used
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostal muscles
  • scalene muscles
  • abdominal muscles
  • internal intercostal muscles

Questão 47

Questão
How would transpulmonary pressure change during ventilation?
Responda
  • increase during inspiration and decrease during expiration
  • decrease during inspiration and increase during expiration
  • it would remain constant during both inspiration and expiration

Questão 48

Questão
Which animal would have more compliant lungs?
Responda
  • horse
  • dog
  • sheep
  • cat

Questão 49

Questão
Which of the following would cause an increase in compliance?
Responda
  • pulmonary fibrosis
  • alveolar oedema
  • pulmonary emphysema
  • increased pulmonary venous pressure

Questão 50

Questão
What cell type is responsible for producing pulmonary surfactant?
Responda
  • Type 1 pnuemocytes
  • Type 2 pnuemocytes
  • Clara cells
  • Goblet cells

Questão 51

Questão
Surface tension increases in...
Responda
  • smaller alveoli
  • larger alveoli

Questão 52

Questão
Acetylcholine binds to which receptor type in the lungs?
Responda
  • M1
  • M3
  • Nm
  • Nn
  • M2

Questão 53

Questão
Parasympathetic innervation to the lung can close which airways?
Responda
  • Bronchi
  • Trachea
  • Bronchioles

Questão 54

Questão
An increase of [H+] in the blood would result in...
Responda
  • increased ventilation
  • decreased ventilation

Questão 55

Questão
Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?
Responda
  • ventral surface of the medulla
  • carotid artery
  • aortic artery

Questão 56

Questão
If the peripheral chemoreceptors detect a reduced arterial PO2, it would result in
Responda
  • an increase in breathing
  • a decrease in breathing
  • no change in breathing

Questão 57

Questão
Which nuclei cause contraction of the accessory muscles during exercise?
Responda
  • dorsal respiratory group
  • ventral respiratory group
  • pontine nuclei

Questão 58

Questão
In a normal animal, which of the following drives ventilation?
Responda
  • CO2
  • pH
  • O2

Questão 59

Questão
What is the primary respiratory control center?
Responda
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • midbrain
  • thalamus

Questão 60

Questão
The activation of which neural group would result in a decrease in tidal volume?
Responda
  • pneumotaxic center in the pons
  • apneustic center in the pons
  • dorsal respiratory group in the medulla
  • ventral respiratory group in the medulla

Questão 61

Questão
The activation of which neural group would result in an increase in tidal volume?
Responda
  • pneumotaxic center in the pons
  • apneustic center in the pons
  • dorsal respiratory group in the medulla
  • ventral respiratory group in the medulla

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