1440491
Questão 1
Questão
Proliferation is the production of new cells
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 2
Questão
Synaptogenesis is a process that begins before birth and continues throughout life.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 3
Questão
Recent evidence suggests that adult vertebrate brains generate new neurons
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 4
Questão
The brain requires millions of chemicals to correctly guide the growth of axons to their target locations
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 5
Questão
Nerve growth factor is a chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 6
Questão
Exercise may account for some of the neural benefits that come from rearing rats in an enriched environment
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 7
Questão
Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 8
Questão
Paralysis caused by spinal cord injury is usually only temporary in humans
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 9
Questão
Recent evidence suggests that phantom limb pain is caused by sensations coming from the stump of the amputated limb
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 10
Questão
Proliferation is the:
Responda
-
Formation of dendrites and an axon
-
Movement of primitive neurons and glia
-
Insulation process that occurs on some axons
-
Production of new cells
Questão 11
Questão
After the migrating neuron reaches its destination, _____ begin to form
Responda
-
Nuclei
-
Axons
-
Ganglions
-
Dendrites
Questão 12
Questão
In humans, myelination first occurs in the:
Responda
-
Midbrain
-
Hindbrain
-
Forebrain
-
Spinal cord
Questão 13
Questão
When Sperry cut a newt's optic nerve and rotated the eye by 180 degrees, each axon:
Responda
-
Regenerated to the area where it had originally been
-
Regenerated to a random location
-
Regenerated, but to the area appropriate to its new location
-
Degenerated
Questão 14
Questão
Axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area:
Responda
-
Through necrosis
-
Through apoptosis
-
Based on their size
-
By following a gradient of chemicals
Questão 15
Questão
Competition of neurons for postsynaptic sites results in survival of only the most successful axons. The general principle is called:
Responda
-
Apoptosis
-
Evolution
-
Neural Darwinism
-
Natural selection
Questão 16
Questão
_____ steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction
Responda
-
Glia
-
Immunoglobulin
-
Neurotrophins
-
Chemokines
Questão 17
Questão
The function of neurotrophins is to:
Responda
-
Be used as fuel
-
Promote survival of axons
-
Signal that an axon has been "rejected"
-
Inhibit proliferation
Questão 18
Questão
In infants, anaesthetic drugs can increase:
Responda
-
Myelination
-
Migration
-
Apoptosis
-
Proliferation
Questão 19
Questão
What brain abnormalities are found in children with fetal alcohol syndrome?
Responda
-
Lack of dopamine receptors
-
Short dendrites with few branches
-
Smaller than normal ventricles
-
Short axons with few branches
Questão 20
Questão
Children of mothers who use cocaine during pregnancy:
Responda
-
Have slightly lower IQ scores
-
Are likely to develop Turner's syndrome
-
Are born with severe abnormalities resembling cerebral palsy
-
Have a slightly higher birth weight
Questão 21
Questão
Which of the following seem to be particularly important for branching neurons during brain development?
Responda
-
Having good teachers
-
Playing logic games
-
Having a sterile environment
-
Physical activity
Questão 22
Questão
Which of the following is the most common cause of stroke?
Responda
-
Haemorrhage of an artery
-
Ischemia from an obstruction of an artery
-
Blow to the head
-
Lack of glucose
Questão 23
Questão
Ischaemia is to _____as haemorrhage is to _____
Responda
-
Obstruction; rupture
-
Proximal; distal
-
Barely noticeable; lethal
-
Older individuals; younger individuals
Questão 24
Questão
Which of the following treatments would be most likely to help a patient starting several days after a stroke?
Responda
-
Extensive bed rest
-
Administering tranquillisers
-
Giving stimulant drugs combined with physical therapy
-
Injecting a drug to block dopamine
Questão 25
Questão
What is the term for the new branches that may form in uninjured axons after damage to surrounding axons?
Responda
-
Denervation supersensitivity
-
Bifurcations
-
Diaschisis
-
Collateral sprouts
Questão 26
Questão
_____ helps compensate for decreased axon input
Responda
-
Enervation supersensitivity
-
Disuse supersensitivity
-
Denervation supersensitivity
-
Axon supersensitivity
Questão 27
Questão
A continuing sensation of an amputated body part is called:
Responda
-
Neuralgia
-
Ghost limb
-
Tingling limb
-
Phantom limb
Questão 28
Questão
Sensations from phantom limbs:
Responda
-
Do not have a neural basis
-
Are a result of brain reorganisation
-
Can be diminished if more of the limb is removed surgically
-
Come from the stump of the amputated limb
Questão 29
Questão
The fluid-filled cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the:
Responda
-
Forebrain
-
Midbrain
-
Spinal cord
-
Ventricular system
Questão 30
Questão
Stem cells are important for which of the following developmental processes?
Responda
-
Migration
-
Proliferation
-
Myelination
-
Synaptogenesis
Questão 31
Questão
What term describes the movement of primitive neurons and glia within the developing nervous system?
Responda
-
Differentiation
-
Migration
-
Myelination
-
Proliferation
Questão 32
Questão
After the migrating neuron reaches its destination, _____ begin to form.
Responda
-
Dendrites
-
Axons
-
Nuclei
-
Ganglions
Questão 33
Questão
The formation of new synapses is called:
Responda
-
Synaptogenesis
-
Differentiation
-
Migration
-
Fusion
Questão 34
Questão
Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia are called:
Responda
-
Parallel fibres
-
Intrinsic cells
-
Stem cells
-
Glomeruli
Questão 35
Questão
Axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area
Responda
-
By following a gradient of chemicals
-
Through apoptosis
-
Through necrosis
-
Based on their size
Questão 36
Questão
Apoptosis:
Responda
-
Is a programmed mechanism of cell death
-
Promotes the survival and growth of the axon
-
Promotes the survival and growth of dendrites
-
Promotes the activity of neurons
Questão 37
Questão
Massive cell death in the brain during prenatal development is:
Responda
-
An indication of a genetic abnormality
-
An indication of restricted blood flow to the foetus
-
Usually due to an autoimmune disorder
-
Normal
Questão 38
Questão
In development, neurotrophins _____. During adulthood, they _____.
Responda
-
Preserve neurons; produce apoptosis
-
Produce apoptosis; increase neural branching
-
Facilitate differentiation; facilitate migration
-
Preserve neurons; increase neural branching
Questão 39
Questão
In what order are the five distinct stages in the development of the brain
Responda
-
Migration, differentiation, proliferation, synaptogenesis
-
Proliferation, differentiation, migration, myelination, synaptogenesis
-
Proliferation, migration, differentiation, myelination, synaptogenesis
-
Proliferation, myelination, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis
Questão 40
Questão
Certain axons innervating a given neuron are damaged. What compensatory change is possible?
Responda
-
a. Denervation supersensitivity
-
b. Collateral sprouting
-
c. Axonal regrowth
-
d. All of the above
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