THE EYE AND THE EAR

Label the diagram of the eye

Label this diagram of the orbital bones

Label the anterior aspect of the eye

Which of the following are part of the fibrous layer of the eye

What section is the retina part of?

Which structures are part of the vascular layer

What are the two layers of the retina

Which arteries supply the eye (there are 2)

What is the fovea

Which muscle raises the superior eyelid

Which cranial nerves are involved with the eye muscles

The pathways into the orbit are the 1) [blank_start]Optic Canal[blank_end] 2) Superior [blank_start]orbital fissure[blank_end] 3) Inferior [blank_start]orbital fissure[blank_end]

The only part of the eye not covered in conjunctiva is the...

Which bones make up the ROOF of the orbit

Which bones make up the MEDIAL SIDE of the orbit smell

Which bones make up the FLOOR of the orbit

What lines the BASE of the orbit

Which bones make up the LATERAL SIDE of the orbit

What is the correct order of image formation

How many cones per eye

How many rods per eye

Which one provides colour vision

Which one provides high resolution

Which one is more sensitive

Label the diagram of the external ear

What is the function of the auricle

How long is the EAM

How thick is the tympanic membrane

When HIGH pitched sound waves strike the tympanic membrane, does it vibrate...

What is the role of the epitympanic recess

What is the role of the pharyngotympanic tube

The order of the auditory ossicles is 1. [blank_start]Malleus[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Incus[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Stapes[blank_end]

The round window of the middle ear vibrates

Which of the following are part of the vestibulocochlear organ (inner ear)

The cochlea contains peri-lymph

Which of the following is the correct arterial supply to the ear

Select the correct nerves involved in the ear

THE PASSAGE OF SOUND THROUGH THE OUTER EAR The [blank_start]auricle[blank_end] directs sound waves towards the [blank_start]external auditory meatus[blank_end]. At the end of the EAM it hits the [blank_start]tympanic[blank_end] membrane. High pitched sounds cause it to vibrate [blank_start]quickly[blank_end]. Low pitched sounds cause it to vibrate [blank_start]slowly[blank_end]. Sound waves are converted to [blank_start]mechanical[blank_end] vibration.

THE PASSAGE OF SOUND THROUGH THE MIDDLE EAR The [blank_start]auditory ossicles[blank_end] of the middle ear transmit the vibrations to the inner ear. The tympanic membrane attaches to the [blank_start]malleus[blank_end]- the largest auditory ossicles. The [blank_start]incus[blank_end] is the middle ossicle. The [blank_start]stapes[blank_end] is the third ossicle (it is also the smallest bone in the human body). The stapes attaches to the [blank_start]round window[blank_end], which separates the middle and inner ear. The [blank_start]oval window[blank_end] vibrates [blank_start]20[blank_end] times more vigorously than the tympanic membrane because the auditory ossicles transmit the vibrations efficiently.

PASSAGE OF SOUND THROUGH THE INNER EAR Vibrations at the round window causes the movement of perilymph at the [blank_start]cochlea[blank_end]. Pressure waves through the inner ear. The pressure waves cause [blank_start]endolymph[blank_end] within the cochlea duct to move. This causes the [blank_start]stereocilia[blank_end] (hair-cells) to bend which generates nerve [blank_start]impulses[blank_end].

NERVE IMPULSE PRODUCTION IN THE INNER EAR When the [blank_start]stereocilia[blank_end] bend it allows endolymph to enter. The endolymph is [blank_start]potassium[blank_end] rich, which causes an energy potential. A neurotransmitter is then released which generates a nerve [blank_start]impulse[blank_end] in sensory neurons of the hair. The impulse is passed along the [blank_start]vestibulocochlear[blank_end] cranial nerve. From here, it goes to the cochlear nuclei in the medulla oblongata. It then passes to the midbrain and thalamus, eventually reaching the PRIMARY AUDITORY AREA in the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex.