Chondrichthyes

Chondrichthyes are also known as...

Chondrichthyes are characterized by...

[blank_start]Subclass holocephali[blank_end] ([blank_start]ratfishes[blank_end]) have a single gill opening, bulky head, and venomous spine in front of the dorsal fin.

[blank_start]Chimaeriformes[blank_end]--ratfishes--deepwater, upper jaws fused to skull, opercula [blank_start]Rajiformes[blank_end]--guitarfish and skates--rajiform swimming, enlarged pectoral fins Pristiformes--[blank_start]sawfish[blank_end]--long snout with numerous teeth [blank_start]Myliobatiformes[blank_end]--sting rays, manta rays, eagle rays--swim by flapping pectoral fins

[blank_start]Torpediniformes[blank_end]--electric rays--produce electric discharge Hexanchiformes--[blank_start]cow sharks, frilled sharks[blank_end]--6 or 7 gill slits [blank_start]Lamniformes[blank_end]--great white, thresher, basking--two dorsal fins, 5 gill slits [blank_start]Orectolobiformes[blank_end]--whale, bamboo, nurse--two dorsal fins, small gill slits, 4th and 5th overlapping

[blank_start]Pristiophoriformes[blank_end]--saw sharks--lengthened snout, two dorsal fins, no anal fin Squaliformes--[blank_start]dogfish, lantern[blank_end]--two dorsal fins, no anal fin, 5 gill slits Squatiniformes--[blank_start]angel sharks[blank_end]--two dorsal fins, no anal fin, pectoral and pelvic fins broad [blank_start]Carcharhiniformes[blank_end]--hammerhead, bonnethead, blacktip reef, bull--two dorsal fins, anal fin, 5 gill slits, nictitating membrane

Chimaeriformes, Myliobatiformes, and Lamniformes are all examples of __________ classes.

Chondrichthyans all have enlarged lipid-filled [blank_start]livers[blank_end], used for [blank_start]buoyancy control[blank_end].

Chondrichthyans use high-energy ketone bodies as metabolic substrates

Chondrichthyans have low blood urea concentrations.

Chondrichthyans have a [blank_start]cartilaginous[blank_end] skeleton. They [blank_start]lost[blank_end] dermal bone, [blank_start]retained[blank_end] dentine.

Cartilage is [blank_start]less[blank_end] dense than bone, so it assists in [blank_start]buoyancy[blank_end].

Match the organ/adaptation to its sensory application. Vision: [blank_start]Tapetum Lucidum[blank_end] Electroreception: [blank_start]Ampullae of Lorenzini[blank_end] and [blank_start]Neuromast organs[blank_end]

Which adaptation (made of guanine crystals) increases visual acuity in twilight?

Chondrichthyes initially locate prey using [blank_start]olfaction[blank_end], then identify them using [blank_start]vision[blank_end], and track them during the attack using [blank_start]electroreception[blank_end].

What is the nictating membrane?

What is hyostylic jaw suspension?

What are the advantages of hyostylic jaw suspension?

What is an amphistylic jaw suspension?

Suction feeding:

Ram feeding:

Chondrichthyes teeth are attached to the jaw via:

Chondrichthyes predatory behaviors:

[blank_start]Roving behavior[blank_end]: swimming back and forth across prey fields ([blank_start]seal & sea lion rookeries[blank_end]) [blank_start]Bioluminescent lures[blank_end]: deep-sea sharks [blank_start]Sub-lethal bites[blank_end]: cookie-cutter sharks [blank_start]Suction feeding[blank_end]: carpet sharks, leopard sharks... [blank_start]Filter feeding[blank_end]: whale sharks, basking sharks, megamouth sharks ([blank_start]convergent evolution[blank_end])

Identify the specimen by common name, scientific name, and family.

Identify by common name, scientific name, and family.

Family Chimaeridae are characterized by:

Check all that apply to the Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei)

Check all that apply to the whale shark (Rhincodon typus)

Family Carcharhinidae are characterized by:

Identify and check all that apply

Identify and check all that apply

Identify and check all that apply.

Check all that apply to Family Sphyridae

Identify and check all that apply

Identify and check all that apply

Check all that apply to Family Pristidae

Identify and check all that apply

Check all that apply to Family Rajidae

Identify and check all that apply

Identify and check all that apply

Check all that apply to Family Dasyatidae

Check all that apply to Family Myliobatidae

Check all that apply to Family Mobulidae

Many shark species show recent and rapid declines in population size.

Why are shark populations suceptible to rapid declines?

Even healthy top predator populations can be small and probably even more vulerable to depletion. than previously expected