28 Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt

slum conditions

dangerous and exploitative working hours and conditions in factories

child labor

efforts to assimilate and educate recent immigrants

woman suffrage

a constitutional amendment to guarantee the popular direct election of U.S. senators

a temperance movement aimed at curbing alcohol sales and consumption

nationalizing the railroads and utilities in the United States

They proposed detailed, scientific remedies for social problems

They sought to overturn the major features of industrial and financial capitalism

Their reform prescriptions were closely allied with those of the Socialist party

They trusted that media exposures of political corruption and economic exploitation could reform capitalism rather than overthrow it

Progressive political reforms such as the secret ballot, referendum and recall, and limits on political contributions from corporate interests would curb the excesses of industrial and financial capitalism and stave off socialism in the United States

Political reforms had to be instituted initially at the federal government level before they could be successfully implemented in states and municipalities

Progressive political reforms should first be developed, implemented, and evaluated in northeastern big cities before being tried in Midwestern and western states

Political alliances with socialists and other political radicals should be forged in order to pass these political reforms on the federal, state, and local government levels.

They provided literary and philosophical perspectives on social questions

They broke down the idea that women had special concerns as wives and mothers

They introduced many middle class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns

They became launching pads for women seeking political office

Laws requiring mandatory fire escapes for all businesses employing more than 10 people

Anti-sweatshop laws and workers compensation laws for job injuries

Zoning regulations governing where dangerous industrial factories could be located

Laws guaranteeing unions the right to raise safety concerns

a legal victory for the efforts of progressives and labor advocates to institute maximum hour laws for worker

a legal victory for the efforts of business to use the courts to overturn the political successes of progressives and labor advocates in achieving social reforms

a legal departure from the Court's progressive decision in Muller v. Oregon, upholding the constitutionality of state laws mandating special protections and work rules for women workers

a legal victory for the laissez-faire, conservative wing of the Supreme Court

federal regulation of corporations

consumer protection

conservation of natural resources

federal regulation of railroad rates and an end to shipping rebates

Regulation of municipal utilities and the end of private utility companies

Guaranteeing the purity and safety of food and drugs

Providing federal protection for natural resources

Ending corrupt and exploitative practices by the railroad trusts

To fragment the political power of big business

To prove that the federal government, not private business governed the United States

To halt the trend toward combination and integration in business in the United States

To uphold the legal right of small business to compete fairly with big business in the United States

Theodore Dreiser's "The Titan"

Jack London's "Call of the Wild"

Jacob Riis's "How the Other Half Lives"

Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle"

Preserving scenic beauty and natural wonders was incompatible with human activity

The environment could be effectively protected and managed without shutting it off from human use

Forests and rivers could be used for recreation but not for economic purposes

Federal lands should be divided into separate and distinct economically useful acres, recreational areas, and wilderness

The need for substantial reform of U.S. banking and currency policies

The need to raise tariffs on imported goods

Insufficient government regulation of corporations

The need for a federally mandated minimum wage for workers

Teddy Roosevelt believed that President William Taft was discarding Roosevelt's progressive policies

Senator Robert LaFollette encouraged him to do so

The Socialist party candidate threatened to swing the election to Woodrow Wilson and the Democrats

Roosevelt was fiercely opposed to Taft's dollar diplomacy

Muckrakers

Socialists

Imperialists

Suffragists

Roughriders

Teddies

Bull Moose

Socialists

Monopolies

Settlement Houses

Labor Unions

Jim Crow Laws

initiative

propositions

checks and balances

pardons