Science 8: Biology MEGA QUIZ

What is life on earth's main source of energy?

What are the main FOUR things that all living things need?

Fill in the blanks for the functions of the parts of a microscope: Eyepiece: Part [blank_start]you look through[blank_end] and has a [blank_start]10x[blank_end] lens Tube: Holds eyepiece and [blank_start]keeps it at a proper distance[blank_end] Revolving Nosepiece: A [blank_start]rotating[blank_end] disk that holds the [blank_start]objective lens[blank_end] Objective Lens: Magnifies the object [blank_start]4x, 10x, 40x[blank_end] Fine-adjustment Knob: Brings object [blank_start]into sharper focus[blank_end] Coarse-adjustment Knob: Moves the [blank_start]stage to focus the object[blank_end] Stage: Holds the slide, [blank_start]clipped in place[blank_end]. Has a hole to let light through Condenser Lens: Directs [blank_start]light to slide[blank_end] being viewed Diaphragm: Controls the [blank_start]amount of light[blank_end] reached the object being viewed Light Source: Shines a light through the object

What is a unicellular organism?

What is a multicellular organism?

A [blank_start]multicellular[blank_end] organism is better because the jobs of the cells are more [blank_start]spread out[blank_end]. In a unicellular organism, that one cell has to take care of the [blank_start]entire organism[blank_end]. Unicellular organisms interact [blank_start]directly[blank_end] with the outside world. Multicellular organisms use [blank_start]blood[blank_end] to transport nutrients to their [blank_start]organs[blank_end].

Every cell in a [blank_start]multicellular[blank_end] organism is specialized to do its function. Nerve cells are [blank_start]long and spread out[blank_end] because they need to [blank_start]take signals[blank_end] from many places to the brain. Red blood cells are [blank_start]disklike[blank_end] so they can [blank_start]flow[blank_end] and transport oxygen.

[blank_start]Organelles[blank_end] are the structures [blank_start]within[blank_end] cells that carry out activities necessary for life. The most common cell organelles between both an animal and plants cell include: [blank_start]Nucleus[blank_end], [blank_start]Vacuole[blank_end], [blank_start]Membrane[blank_end], and [blank_start]Cytoplasm[blank_end].

How is the Cell Membrane semi-permeable?

Cell Membrane: - [blank_start]Outer[blank_end] Layer - [blank_start]Semi-permeable[blank_end] Nucleus: - Contains genetic material [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] - Nucleolus has [blank_start]RNA[blank_end], which makes [blank_start]ribosomes[blank_end] Endoplasmic Reticulum: - Used to [blank_start]transport proteins[blank_end] - Rough and smooth - Rough - Ribosomes make it look rough Ribosomes: - Makes [blank_start]protein[blank_end] to make cell function Golgi Bodies: - Curved [blank_start]membranes[blank_end] in stacks of 4 - 10 - Sort, process, package cell [blank_start]products[blank_end] Lysosomes: - [blank_start]Recycle[blank_end] worn out cell organelles Mitochondria: - [blank_start]Powerhouse[blank_end] of the cell - Makes [blank_start]ATP[blank_end], an energy molecule for the cell Chloroplast: - Found in only [blank_start]plant[blank_end] cells - Have [blank_start]chlorophyll[blank_end] - Carry out [blank_start]photosynthesis[blank_end]

Check all that are human systems:

Check all that are plant systems:

Xylem transports [blank_start]water and solutes[blank_end] from [blank_start]the roots to leaves[blank_end]. Phloem transports [blank_start]glucose and amino acids[blank_end] to [blank_start]where it's needed[blank_end]. Xylem is made of [blank_start]dead[blank_end] cells that are [blank_start]impermeable[blank_end] to water. Phloem is made of [blank_start]living[blank_end] cells that move things. Xylem tissue: If placed in the middle, it can protect it from [blank_start]being pulled from the ground[blank_end]. If placed near the edge, the plant can't be [blank_start]squashed or bent[blank_end].

Transpiration is the [blank_start]evaporation[blank_end] of water from [blank_start]stem and leaves[blank_end]. This helps move water [blank_start]up[blank_end] the plant. It creates a [blank_start]transpiration pool[blank_end] that draws water up the plant. Water is [blank_start]cohesive[blank_end] which helps this.

Roots have [blank_start]root hairs[blank_end], giving them a large [blank_start]surface area[blank_end] for water [blank_start]absorption[blank_end]. Water enters through [blank_start]osmosis[blank_end] to the concentration gradient and finally to xylem vessels.

The transpiration stream also moves:

List TEN factors that make the transpiration rate change:

[blank_start]Diffusion[blank_end]: The spreading of something (particles) from an area of [blank_start]high concentration[blank_end] to an area of [blank_start]low concentration[blank_end]; to spread out [blank_start]evenly[blank_end]

[blank_start]Osmosis[blank_end]: Molecules of a solvent passing through a [blank_start]semi-permeable[blank_end] membrane from a [blank_start]highly concentrated[blank_end] solution to a [blank_start]lower concentrated[blank_end] solution; [blank_start]evening out[blank_end] the concentration of either side.

Water is used for two things in the leaves. These two things are...

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Functions of the organs in the digestive system: Mouth: Chews up and sends food down the [blank_start]esophagus[blank_end] Esophagus: Transports food to the [blank_start]stomach/liver[blank_end] Stomach: Uses [blank_start]three[blank_end] layers of muscle to physically [blank_start]mix[blank_end] food(only begins digesting [blank_start]meat[blank_end]). Makes and secretes stomach [blank_start]acids[blank_end] and [blank_start]Pepsin[blank_end]. Liver: Filters [blank_start]blood[blank_end] coming from the digestive tract before passing it to the [blank_start]rest of the body[blank_end]. Secretes [blank_start]bile[blank_end] to intestines Gallbladder: Secretes [blank_start]bile[blank_end] and helps digest [blank_start]fatty[blank_end] foods Pancreas: Produces enzymes that help [blank_start]break down[blank_end] food. Also makes [blank_start]insulin[blank_end] that tells the liver and [blank_start]pancreas[blank_end] how much glucose to take in Small Intestine: Where [blank_start]90%[blank_end] of food absorption of [blank_start]minerals[blank_end] from food takes place Large Intestine: Absorbs [blank_start]water[blank_end] and produces waste

In the small intestine... Proteins > [blank_start]Amino acids[blank_end] Carbohydrates > [blank_start]Sugars[blank_end] Fats > [blank_start]Lipids[blank_end]

What is the main function of the Circulatory system?

Functions of the organs in the circulatory system: Heart: [blank_start]Pumps and cleans[blank_end] blood throughout the body while supplying nutrients and [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] and [blank_start]removing[blank_end] waste Arteries: Carries [blank_start]clean[blank_end] blood from the [blank_start]heart[blank_end] and to [blank_start]other organs[blank_end] Veins: Carries [blank_start]used[blank_end] blood from the [blank_start]organs[blank_end] back to the [blank_start]heart[blank_end] to be [blank_start]cleaned[blank_end] Capillaries: Transfers oxygen and nutrients from the [blank_start]bloodstream[blank_end] to the [blank_start]organs[blank_end] directly. Only [blank_start]one[blank_end] [blank_start]cell[blank_end] wide. Blood: Carries things between organs

Check all things that the blood transports:

What is the main function of the Nervous system?

Functions of the organs in the nervous system: Brain: Receives and sends [blank_start]signals[blank_end] to respond changes to our surroundings Nerves: In charge of body [blank_start]movement, feeling, and sending signals[blank_end] to the [blank_start]brain[blank_end]. Spinal Cord: Carries [blank_start]nerve signals[blank_end] to the brain. Sense Organs: Take in [blank_start]information[blank_end] from our surroundings and send it to the brain.

Check all FOUR that are sense organs:

What is the main function of the Respiratory system?

Functions of the organs in the respiratory system: Mouth/Nasal Cavity: Takes in [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] and gets rid of [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end] through the [blank_start]trachea[blank_end]. Nasal cavity detects [blank_start]smell[blank_end]. Trachea: Transports air between the [blank_start]mouth and lungs[blank_end]. Splits off at the back off the throat. Larynx: Also known as the [blank_start]voice box[blank_end]. Air passes through this to make our voice. Lungs: Takes [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] from the [blank_start]trachea[blank_end], gives it to the [blank_start]blood[blank_end] and takes [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end] out. Protected by the [blank_start]ribs[blank_end]. [blank_start]Left[blank_end] lung protects the heart. Bronchia: A [blank_start]split[blank_end] in the trachea to distribute air between the lungs. Diaphragm: A large [blank_start]muscle[blank_end] [blank_start]under[blank_end] the lungs that [blank_start]squeezes and sucks[blank_end] air in and out of lungs. Alveoli: Tiny air bubbles that hold [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] in the lungs. They tend to [blank_start]pop[blank_end] regularly. Humans start off with [blank_start]600 million[blank_end]. Oxygen is taken to blood by [blank_start]capillaries[blank_end].

What is the main function of the Excretory system?

Functions of the organs in the excretory system: Kidney: Cleans waste from [blank_start]blood[blank_end] and makes [blank_start]urine[blank_end]. You have [blank_start]two[blank_end] but only require [blank_start]one[blank_end]. Ureter: Transports [blank_start]urine[blank_end] to the [blank_start]urinary bladder[blank_end]. Urinary Bladder: Temporarily stores urine. Urethra: Takes [blank_start]urine[blank_end] out of body.