17372282
Descrição
Quiz por Elizabeth Mejia, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Elizabeth Mejia
mais de 5 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
A priori knowledge is a knowledge that is justified independently of experience
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 2
Questão
"Tadpoles become frogs" is an example of a posteriori knowledge.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 3
Questão
Logically necessary truths are examples of a posteriori knowledge
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 4
Questão
Descartes doubted every one of his beliefs except those that were based on solid sense experience
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 5
Questão
Ideas that are inborn or that the mind already contains prior to experience are called innate ideas
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 6
Questão
The Statement "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the sense" expresses empiricism
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 7
Questão
Kant tried to form a compromise between rationalism and atheism
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 8
Questão
According to your text, objectivism is a dogmatic, authoritarian position in which the speaker claims that he or she has the absolute truth
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 9
Questão
According to your text, the term "epistemology" comes from two Greek Words that mean
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opinion and belief
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knowledge and rational discourse
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questioning and answers
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searching and wisdom
Questão 10
Questão
Philosophers, following Plato, have traditionally defined knowledge as
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-
a belief that someone embraces with conviction
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true justified belief
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something which is true, whether anyone is aware of it or not
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any opinion which is true, and leads to a successful life
Questão 11
Questão
The adjective "empirical" refers to
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-
a claim for which no support is provided
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anything that is based on experience
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a logically necessary truth
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a knowledge that is based on a definition
Questão 12
Questão
The claim "Either my team will win its next game or it won't" is an example of.....
Responda
-
a logically necessary truth and a priori knowledge
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a logically necessary truth and a posteriori knowledge
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factual information about the world and a posteriori knowledge
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empirical knowledge
Questão 13
Questão
One of the three epistemological questions discussed in the text is
Responda
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Is there such a thing as mental telepathy?
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Does our knowledge represent reality as it really is?
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What is the meaning of life?
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Is scientific knowledge incompatible with religious faith?
Questão 14
Questão
The text referred to René Descartes's strategy for finding certainty as
Responda
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the inference to the best explanation
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the Socratic method
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methodological skepticism
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the scientific method
Questão 15
Questão
The primary reason that Descartes doubted so many things was
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he has lost the will to go on living
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to show how foolish the ideas of his teachers were
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to find if there was any belief that was certain
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he was trying to attack religious belief
Questão 16
Questão
In his initial examination of his beliefs, the one thing that Descartes could not doubt was that
Responda
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he was doubting
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he had a body
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2 + 3 = 5
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he was awake and not dreaming
Questão 17
Questão
Descartes's first bedrock of certainty was
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"God exists"
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"I am not now dreaming"
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"I am, I exist."
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"I have a body"
Questão 18
Questão
Which of the following was one of the three anchor points of rationalism?
Responda
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Scientific knowledge is the only kind of knowledge there is
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The fundamental truths about the world can be known a priori
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There is no God
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The reasons we have for our beliefs are nothing more than human opinions
Questão 19
Questão
According to the rationalist, logical truths, mathematical truths, and metaphysical truths are all examples of which kind of knowledge?
Responda
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empirical knowledge
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a posteriori knowledge
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a priori knowledge
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truths that do not tell us anything about the world
Questão 20
Questão
Innate ideas are ideas that
Responda
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are acquired through experience
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based on an individual's cultural traditions
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can never be known to be true
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the mind already contains prior to experience
Questão 21
Questão
In your reading from Plato's dialogue Phaedo, Socrates discusses
Responda
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the relationship between philosophy and the religious beliefs of his day
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the method for forming a truly good society and appointing its leaders
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how we can have knowledge of perfect justice, beauty, goodness and equality.
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why it is impossible to harm a truly good person
Questão 22
Questão
Descartes's principle "there must be as much reality in the cause as there is in the effect" was used to prove the existence of
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his soul
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his body
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God
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the evil demon
Questão 23
Questão
Descartes's argument for God's existence is based on
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the need for a reason to be moral
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the fact that the universe requires a cause
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the very idea of a perfect being
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the order and design in the world
Questão 24
Questão
According to Descartes, the explanation of how he had the idea of God in his mind is that
Responda
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he intuited it from the beauty and grandeur of the universe
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God planted the idea within him
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his conscience and inner moral feelings led him to the idea of God
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all the above
Questão 25
Questão
Descartes finally concluded that he could trust his sense experience because
Responda
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otherwise, life would not be worth living
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apart from experience, he would be unable to do science
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a good God would not deceive him
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the knowledge gained through the senses is just too obvious to be doubted
Questão 26
Questão
The empiricist believes that
Responda
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the only source of genuine knowledge is sense experience
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apart from experience, the reason is an unreliable and inadequate route to knowledge
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there is no evidence of innate ideas within the mind
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all of the above
Questão 27
Questão
Three of the empiricists discussed in the text were
Responda
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John Locke, George Berkely, and David Hume
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Plato, Rene Descartes, and John Locke
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Plato, Gottfried Leibniz, and George Berkely
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Gottfried Leibniz, John Locke, David Hume
Questão 28
Questão
According to your text, "idealism" means the belief
Responda
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one should have an optimistic outlook on life
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the task of philosophy is to search for the ideal conditions of knowledge
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ultimate reality is mental or spiritual in nature
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reality goes far beyond what we discover in sense experience
Questão 29
Questão
Berkeley believed that the word "matter" refers to
Responda
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nothing at all
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any object that is studied scientifically
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the external cause of our perceptual experiences
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something that is real, but only known indirectly
Questão 30
Questão
Berkeley believed that the word "apple" refers to
Responda
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nothing more than a collection of experiences in our minds
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a material object
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a substance underlying what is experienced
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nothing, since reality, does not exist
Questão 31
Questão
Hume was skeptical about which of the following beliefs
Responda
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our belief that the future will always be like the past
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our belief in an external world
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our belief in the existence of our self
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all of the above
Questão 32
Questão
Since fire has burned us in the past, we believe that fire will burn us in the future. According to Hume, this reasoning is based on
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impressions
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the principle of induction
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the laws of logic
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methodological skepticism
Questão 33
Questão
Hume says our causal judgments are based on
Responda
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the experience of a necessary connection between two events
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the similarity between two events
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the bedrock certainty of the sciences
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the constant conjunction of two events in our past experience
Questão 34
Questão
Hume's test for evaluating the worth of a book was to ask: Does it contain either......
Responda
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mathematical reasoning or experimental reasoning about matters of fact?
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morally uplifting advice or conclusions based on the author's experience?
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facts based on common opinion or the testimony of authorities
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clear and distinct ideas or fruitful ideas that provoke the imagination
Questão 35
Questão
Which of the following claims did Immanuel Kant assert?
Responda
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All our knowledge begins with experience
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Experience alone cannot give us universal and necessary knowledge
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The mind constructs the objects of knowledge
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all of the above
Questão 36
Questão
"Kant's revolution" refers to his proposal to
Responda
-
reverse the relationship between knowledge and its objects in epistemology
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overthrow the king
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replace Newtonian physics with his theory
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overthrow the claims of empiricism and return to pure rationalism
Questão 37
Questão
The text referred to Kant's position as "constructivism" because
Responda
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it was not negative and destructive like previous theories
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he tried to construct a bridge between scientific knowledge and religious knowledge
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he believed all knowledge was constructed out of the innate ideas in the mind
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he claimed that the mind forms its objects out of the raw data of experience
Questão 38
Questão
In Kant's terminology, things-as-they-appear-to-us are called __________ and things-in themselves are called ________.
Responda
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complex ideas / simple ideas
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ideas/material objects
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the phenomena/the noumena
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secondary qualities/primary qualities
Questão 39
Questão
According to Kant, the mind makes knowledge possible by
Responda
-
creating reality out of itself
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imposing its own form on the materials of experience
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mirroring the structures of reality
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discovering the innate truths within the mind
Questão 40
Questão
Kant's categories of the understanding are
Responda
-
habits of thought acquired through experience
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his name for the laws of logic
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laws of nature discovered by science
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organizing principles the mind brings to the experience
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