Questão 1
Questão
According to rationalism, experience is required for knowledge.
Questão 2
Questão
Heraclitus is a rationalist.
Questão 3
Questão
Empiricism is the view that God does not exist.
Questão 4
Questão
He is regarded as the first philosopher.
Responda
-
Heraclitus
-
Pythagoras
-
Socrates
-
None of the above
Questão 5
Questão
Which of the following philosophers are empiricists?
Responda
-
Heraclitus
-
Parmenides
-
Pythagoras
-
All of the above
-
None of the above
Questão 6
Questão
He held that everything is being, that nothing changes.
Responda
-
Pythagoras
-
Parmenides
-
Thales
-
Heraclitus
Questão 7
Questão
He held that all is water.
Responda
-
Thales
-
Parmenides
-
Pythagoras
-
None of the above
Questão 8
Questão
He held that everything is fire.
Responda
-
Thales
-
Parmenides
-
Pythagoras
-
Heraclitus
Questão 9
Questão
He held that everything is in a constant state of flux/change
Responda
-
Heraclitus
-
Parmenides
-
Pythagoras
-
Thales
Questão 10
Questão
Who said you cannot step twice in the same river?
Responda
-
Thales
-
Parmenides
-
Pythagoras
-
None of the above
Questão 11
Questão
Plato is a rationalist.
Questão 12
Questão
According to Plato, if you believe something is true and it is true, then you know that it's true.
Questão 13
Questão
According to Plato, knowledge is true belief plus?
Questão 14
Questão 15
Questão
In the Allegory of the Cave, the prisoners
Responda
-
see only the shadows of things, not the things themselves.
-
believe they know what reality is like.
-
don't know they are prisoners
-
are just like us.
-
All of the above.
Questão 16
Questão
"Does God exist?" is
Questão 17
Questão
The inside of the cave represents
Questão 18
Responda
-
although the forms are not physical, they may be seen with physical eyes.
-
although the forms are not mental, they exist only in they mind.
-
forms are more real than physical objects.
-
All of the above
Questão 19
Questão
Plato's view is a dualist view because
Responda
-
he had two personalities.
-
he famously beat Heraclitus in a duel.
-
he had only two beliefs: Socrates is a man and Socrates is mortal.
-
he believed in two kinds of things, material things and nonmaterial things
Questão 20
Questão
According to Plato,
Responda
-
The thing that is the most real is The Good.
-
There are two utlimate realities, The Good and The Bad.
-
There are three ultimate realities, The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly.
-
Nothing is real. There's nothing to get hung about.
Questão 21
Questão
Why is Socrates on trial?
Responda
-
For molesting young boys.
-
For plagiarizing Plato's ideas.
-
For corrupting the youth of Athens through philosophy.
-
All of the above
Questão 22
Questão
Who tries to convince Socrates to escape from prison?
Questão 23
Questão
Socrates rejects the reasons in favor of escaping. Why does he reject the reasons given?
Responda
-
The reasons given concern the physical concequences of leaving.
-
According to Socrates, the reasons given don't have anything to do with whether it is right to leave.
-
According to Socrates, the physical consequences, those that are known empirically, are not relevent to what is right.
-
All of the above.
Questão 24
Questão
Socrates believes that if he leaves, he will be breaking his just agreement with the state. How does he know that breaking just agreements is wrong?
Responda
-
Whenever he has broken his just agreements in the past and when he has observed others breaking their just agreements, the consequences have always been bad.
-
He knows it empirically.
-
He knows it by reason alone.
-
None of the above.
Questão 25
Questão
In the Symposium love is defined as the desire always to possess The Good. What is The Good, according to the view that Socrates learned?
Responda
-
It varies from person to person.
-
It varies from culture to culture
-
Anything a person cares for deeply.
-
All of the above
-
None of the above.
Questão 26
Questão
On Plato's view, beautiful objects in the physical world are only shadows of beauty itself.
Questão 27
Questão
Beauty itself is not physical.
Questão 28
Questão
Beauty itself, like justice itself, is a form, an immaterial object and therefore can be perceived only by reason, not by the senses.
Questão 29
Questão
On Plato's view, true beauty is in the eye of the beholder so that what is truely beautiful is just a matter of opinion.
Questão 30
Questão
Like Plato's Allegory of the Cave, which represents the process of enlightenment whereby one turns from the less real to the more real, Plato's ladder of love represents the pursuit of love to be an assent from what is less real to what is more real.
Questão 31
Questão
If an argument is valid, then
Responda
-
its conclusion must be true.
-
if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
-
its premises are all true
-
All of the above
Questão 32
Questão
1. If God exists, then all is well.
All is not well
Therefore God does not exist
The above argument is:
Questão 33
Questão
1. If God exists, then all is well.
All is not well
Therefore God does not exist
The above argument is an example of
Responda
-
Modus Ponens
-
Modus Tollens
-
Denying the antecedent
-
Affirming the consequent
Questão 34
Questão
Which of the following is true
Responda
-
If an argument is valid, all its premises are true
-
If an argument is sound, it is also valid
-
If an argument is valid, it is also sound
-
All of the above
Questão 35
Questão
Which of the following is true?
Responda
-
If an argument is an example of denying the antecedent, its conclusion is always false
-
If an argument is sound, its conclusion is true
-
If an argument is an example of Modus Ponens its conclusion is always true
-
All of the above
Questão 36
Questão
Different cultures have different moral standards is
Questão 37
Questão
Ethical Relativism is descriptive
Questão 38
Questão
If different cultures have different moral standards, then Ethical Relativism is true.
Questão 39
Questão
If Ethical Relativism is true, when a culture changes its morals, the change is neither moral progress nor moral decline.
Questão 40
Questão
If something is the case, then it ought to be the case.
Questão 41
Questão
If a statement is prescriptive,
Questão 42
Questão
If Ethical Relativism is true, then one's culture is always by definition right
Questão 43
Questão
If Ethical Relativism is true, a moral reformer who seeks to reform a culture's morals is always by definition wrong.
Questão 44
Questão
The consensus among philosophers is that Ethical Relativism is
Questão 45
Questão
1. If candy is dandy, then liquor is quicker
Candy is dandy
Therefore liquor is quicker.
The above argument is
Questão 46
Questão
There really is a difference between good reasoning and bad
Questão 47
Questão
Aristotle was Socrates' teacher.
Questão 48
Questão
1. Plato and Aristotle disagreed over
Responda
-
how to divide Socrates' vast estate
-
whether Jesus was the Jewish messiah
-
the nature of forms
-
the nature of sexual desire
Questão 49
Questão
Aristotle believed that the forms are in material objects, not that material objects are mere shadows of immaterial forms.
Questão 50
Questão
According to Epicurus, we should do what reason says, even if doing so makes everyone unhappy.
Questão 51
Questão
Epicurus was a materialist.
Questão 52
Questão
The Stoics were like Plato in that they believed in the use of reason over emotion, but they were unlike Plato in that they were ontological materialists.
Questão 53
Responda
-
at about the same time as Plato and Aristotle
-
at about the same time as Epicurus
-
at about the same time as Jesus and Paul
-
All of the above. Philo lived a very long life.
Questão 54
Questão
For Plato, The Good is a non-personal entity to be contemplated.
Questão 55
Questão
For Justin Martyr, The Good is God, a person to be worshipped, not merely to be contemplated.
Questão 56
Questão
Which of the following is true?
Questão 57
Questão
Why does Descartes set out to doubt everything?
Responda
-
He had grown angry and bitter towards God.
-
To prove that nothing can be known.
-
To build a foundation for scientific knowledge.
-
To build a foundation that helps needy philosophers.
Questão 58
Questão
Rationalism is the view that all knowledge comes through reason, not though sensory experience.
Questão 59
Questão
Even though he knows the senses are known deceivers, Descartes is still an empiricist.
Questão 60
Questão
1. On what grounds does Descartes doubt even immediate empirical judgments such as, "I am seated here now"?
Responda
-
He drank too much and began to doubt everything.
-
He might be dreaming
-
He doesn't doubt it: it's his first truth, something that cannot be doubted.
-
None of the above.
Questão 61
Questão
The main conclusion of the wax example is that the senses are known deceivers.
Questão 62
Questão
According to Descartes, physical bodies are perceived by reason alone.
Questão 63
Questão
According to Descartes, the mind is identical to the brain.
Questão 64
Questão
1. Descartes observes that he can doubt the existence of his body, but that he cannot doubt the existence of his soul. What conclusion does he draw from this?
Responda
-
The senses are known deceivers
-
He might be dreaming
-
There might be an evil genius
-
The body is not identical to the soul.
Questão 65
Questão
Descartes thinks he has shown the falsity of the supposition that an evil genius exists by proving that a perfect being exists, one who is not a deceiver.
Questão 66
Questão
Our ideas of primary properties correctly represent the world.
Questão 67
Questão
Our ideas of secondary properties do not represent the world. They are the result of causal powers in objects that produce these ideas in us.
Questão 68
Questão
Why is it important philosophically for Descartes to argue that God exists?
Responda
-
He felt very vulnerable all alone in the cabin while he was engaging in his meditations, and he needed the comfort of knowing someone was watching out for him.
-
To write a book that did not prove God’s existence would have made Descartes a criminal in the eyes of the law.
-
If a perfect God exists, then the Evil Genius does not.
-
Descartes argues against the idea of a perfect being so that, being himself imperfect, he might feel better about himself.
Questão 69
Questão
How does Descartes argue that God exists?
Responda
-
He came up with the famous statement, Credo, Biblio, Veritas (The Bible says it, I believe it, and that settles it).
-
He argues that the perfect functioning of the material world provides evidence of a perfect intelligent designer.
-
He begins with only the ideas in his mind, since that is all he can be certain of at that point
-
All of the above.
Questão 70
Questão
Does Descartes believe he has the idea of perfection?
Responda
-
Yes. That is the only way he could know that he, himself, is imperfect.
-
No. He has no idea of perfection and that is how he knows that he himself is perfect.
Questão 71
Questão
Our ideas of secondary properties, such as our idea of red, do not resemble anything in the object that produce the ideas in us.
Questão 72
Questão
Though Descartes believes in his own existence as well as God’s, he does not believe in a material world, even at the end.
Questão 73
Questão
Does Descartes know that he, himself, is imperfect?
Responda
-
Yes. Because he doubts, he knows he is imperfect.
-
No. He doubts very much that he is imperfect, since only a perfect being could have discovered The Cogito.
Questão 74
Questão
Blue and yellow are primary properties, while yellow is a secondary property.
Questão 75
Questão
Because he believes the senses are known deceivers, Descartes is an empiricist.
Questão 76
Questão
Like Descartes, John Locke is a rationalist.
Questão 77
Questão
What does it mean to say that we are born a tabula rasa?
Responda
-
We are born with innate ideas.
-
The same thing as cogito ergo sum.
-
We are born without any ideas.
-
All of the above.
Questão 78
Questão
Although Locke believes that all knowledge comes through experience, he doesn't believe that we actually experience the world, only our ideas of the world.
Questão 79
Questão
Although Locke believes that all knowledge comes through experience, he doesn't believe that we actually experience the world, only our ideas of the world.
Questão 80
Questão
Ockham's Razor is
Responda
-
The sword that killed the empiricist Ockham.
-
a principle Locke uses to show that empiricism is superior to rationalism
-
a principle that says, "your argument cuts both ways".
-
an argument in favor of innate ideas
Questão 81
Questão
According to Locke, some of our ideas correctly represent the world and some do not.
Questão 82
Questão
According to Locke, the idea of identity is a simple idea.
Questão 83
Questão
Which of the following ideas do not correctly represent the world?
Responda
-
Our idea of red.
-
Our idea of pain.
-
our idea of the sweet taste of sugar.
-
None of the ideas above correctly represent the world, according to Locke.
Questão 84
Questão
Locke believes our idea of red does not correctly represent reality because he believes the senses are known deceivers.
Questão 85
Questão
Descartes thought we could perceive the world directly, while Locke thinks the only thing we perceive directly are the ideas in our mind.
Questão 86
Questão
When Locke talks about abstract ideas, he means those ideas that the enlightened person achieves when he or she has turned away from the empirical world.
Questão 87
Questão
Which of the following ideas are innate, according to Locke?
Responda
-
Our idea of substance.
-
Our idea of identity
-
Both of the above
-
None of the above.
Questão 88
Questão
1. Our idea of substance, according to Locke, is
Responda
-
obscure, not clear.
-
an idea of something, but he knows not what.
-
an idea of something that supports or stands under the qualities of a thing,
-
and really is the thing in which all the properties inhere.
-
All of the above.
Questão 89
Questão
Locke believes that our idea of identity is formed when we experience an idea, for example, the idea of a pink ball, and then experience that same idea again, and then compare the two ideas in our mind and perceive that they are the same.
Questão 90
Questão
Locke believes that the mind and body are distinct substances that are only contingently related, that the body is a material substance and the mind is immaterial.
Questão 91
Questão
According to Locke, a person is an immaterial substance and so personal identity is nothing more than the continued existence of the same immaterial substance.
Questão 92
Questão
When Locke uses the word "man" such as when he considers what it is to be the same man through time, the word "man" means, human. It is a term that refers to whatever biologists refer to when they refer to humans.
Questão 93
Questão
On Locke's view, all humans are persons.
Questão 94
Questão
On Locke's view, all persons are humans.
Questão 95
Questão
Locke says that a rational parrot should be called a man or a human.
Questão 96
Questão
According to Locke, our idea of a person is not the idea of an immaterial substance but the idea of a thinking intelligent being with self-awareness.