17706599
Descrição
Quiz por Marina Martins, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Marina Martins
mais de 5 anos atrás
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|
Questão 1
Questão
Which of the following causes bronchodilation of the smooth muscle in a dog's airway?
Responda
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Acetylcholine binding to muscarinic receptors 1 and 3
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Beta-2 antagonists
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Adrenal medulla releasing epinephrine to bind to beta-2 receptors
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Cholinergic agonists
Questão 2
Questão
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the cough reflex?
Responda
-
It involves enkephalins and endoprhins binding to opioid receptors in the cough center
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Activation of irritant receptors stimulates the phrenic nerve.
-
The cough centre is in the brain steam.
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There is no differentiation between pathogens or dust binding to irritant receptors in the respiratory tract.
Questão 3
Questão
Which of the following is NOT a opioid receptor agonist?
Responda
-
Butorphanol
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Codeine
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Methadone
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Acepromazine
Questão 4
Questão
Which of the following are NOT resident cells in the respiratory tract?
Responda
-
Alveolar macrophages
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Lymphocytes
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Mast cells
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Neutrophils
Questão 5
Questão
Which immunoglobulin is involved in the lower respiratory airways?
Responda
-
IgA
-
IgG
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IgM
-
IgE
Questão 6
Questão
Which immunoglobulin is involved in the upper respiratory airways?
Responda
-
IgG
-
IgA
-
IgM
-
IgE
Questão 7
Questão
Which of the following cough characteristics is more typical of an lower airway issue?
Responda
-
soft, muted, productive
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harsh, loud non-productive
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swallowing after coughing
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harsh, loud, productive
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soft, muted, non-productive
Questão 8
Questão
A harsh, non-productive cough is indicative of a problem in the
Responda
-
lower respiratory tract
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upper respiratory tract
Questão 9
Questão
What is the normal respiratory rate for adult horses?
Responda
-
8-15
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10-30
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25-35
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24-42
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20-40
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30-60
Questão 10
Questão
What is the normal respiratory rate for adult cows, sheep and pigs?
Responda
-
8-15
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10-30
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25-35
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20-40
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24-42
-
30-60
Questão 11
Questão
What is the normal respiratory rate for foals and calves?
Responda
-
8-15
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10-30
-
25-35
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20-40
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24-42
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30-60
Questão 12
Questão
Which of the following would not cause inspiratory distress?
Responda
-
Laryngeal hemiplegia
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pleural effusion
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soft palate disorder
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Recurrent airway obstruction
Questão 13
Questão
Which of the following would cause BOTH inspiratory and expiratory distress?
Responda
-
tracheal collapse
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farmer's disease
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pleural effusion
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extrathoracic intraluminal mass
Questão 14
Questão
Orthopnoea refers to
Responda
-
difficult breathing while recumbent
-
respiratory distress
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a decreased respiratory rate
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communication between oral and nasal cavities
Questão 15
Questão
Unilateral nasal discharge tends to originate in
Responda
-
structures rostral to the caudal end of the nasal septum
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caudal structures in the nasal septum
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the oropharynx
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trachea
Questão 16
Questão
Food or milk in the nasal discharge can be indicative of
Responda
-
dysphagia
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epistaxis
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haemoptysis
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orthopnoea
Questão 17
Questão
The presence of blood at the external nares is known as
Responda
-
haemoptysis
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epistaxis
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dysphagia
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orthopnoea
Questão 18
Questão
Which of the following is TRUE regarding cyanosis?
Responda
-
Is is only evident if hemoglobin levels are abnormal
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often seen with anaemia
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it only causes blue discolouration of the mucous membrane
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it occurs due to poor peripheral perfusion
Questão 19
Questão
In horses, breathing and stride rate are independent when trotting.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 20
Questão
An owner notices their horse has very loud, intense respiratory sound at gallop whenever its limbs are extending. This suggests
Responda
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inspiratory stridor
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expiratory stridor
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epistaxis
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orthopnoea
Questão 21
Questão
Which of the following is most indicative of infected sinuses?
Responda
-
asymmetrical facial symmetry
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epistaxis
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orthopnoea
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nasal discharge
Questão 22
Questão
Which of the following is NOT an important point of auscultation in ruminants?
Responda
-
6th intercostal space
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3rd intercostal space
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9th intercostal space
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11th intercostal space
Questão 23
Questão
Hearing crackles when auscultating small animals indicates
Responda
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issues with the upper respiratory tract
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issues with small airways and alveoli
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partial obstruction of larger airways
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possible pleural effusion
Questão 24
Questão
Which of the following diagnostic techniques uses general anaesthesia?
Responda
-
transtracheal aspirate
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endoscopically-guided tracheal aspirate
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thoracocentesis
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trans-tracheal wash
Questão 25
Questão
Trans-tracheal washes involves direct access to a patient's airway via
Responda
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puncture of cricothyroid ligament
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puncture of thyrohyoid membrane
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ET tube placed down oral cavity
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puncture between first and second tracheal rings
Questão 26
Questão
Which of the following diagnostics allows characterisation of pleural effusion?
Responda
-
thoracocentesis
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bronchoalveolar lavage
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trans-tracheal wash
-
lung aspiration
Questão 27
Questão
You suspect a horse has recurrent airway obstruction but its owner is low on funds. Which of the following diagnostics would you therefore suggest to confirm RAO?
Responda
-
bronchoalveolar lavage
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thoracocentesis
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lung aspirate
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nasopharyngeal swab
Questão 28
Questão
Which of the following imaging is most useful for characterising pleural effusion?
Responda
-
Thoracic ultrasonography
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Thoracic CT scan
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Thoracic radiography
Questão 29
Questão
The mucociliary escalator extends from
Responda
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terminal bronchioles to the larynx
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alveoli to the pharynx
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bronchioles to the trachea
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bronchioles to nasal cavity
Questão 30
Questão
Failure of lung tissue to expand at birth is known as
Responda
-
primary atelectasis
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secondary atelectasis
-
emphyesma
-
orthopnoea
Questão 31
Questão
A tumor in the pleural cavity outside the lung compresses the lung and causes it to partially collapse. This is
Responda
-
primary atelectasis
-
secondary atelectasis
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emphysema
-
anthracosis
Questão 32
Questão
Which of the following can cause this type of lung pathology?
Responda
-
emphysema
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hydrothorax
-
primary atelectasis
-
pulmonary oedema
Questão 33
Questão
What type of emphysema does recurrent airway disease cause in horses?
Responda
-
alveolar
-
interstitial
-
compensatory
Questão 34
Questão
What is the difference between hyperaemia and congestion?
Responda
-
Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but increased venous outflow.
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Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is increased. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.
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Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.
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Hyperemia involves decreased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.
Questão 35
Questão
In aspirational pneunoma, the hyperaemia typically affects which lung lobes?
Responda
-
caudodorsal
-
cranioventral
-
caudoventral
-
craniodorsal
Questão 36
Questão
Which of the following is NOT a major factor that prevents pulmonary oedema?
Responda
-
tight junctions between alveolar epithelium
-
intra-alveolar pressure being greater than interstitial pressure
-
lymphatic drainage
-
hydrostatic pressure
Questão 37
Questão
Which of the following is unlikely to cause pulmonary oedema?
Responda
-
left-sided heart failure
-
right-sided heart failure
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acute brain damage
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excessive fluid therapy
Questão 38
Questão
Pneumonia can be classified based on location. Label the following image with the most likely type of pnuemonia to cause the pathology pattern.
Responda
-
normal lung
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
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fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
normal lung
-
normal lung
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
normal lung
-
normal lung
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
Questão 39
Questão
Which of the following is a possible sequel of persistent bronchopneumonia?
Responda
-
bronchiectasis
-
melanosis
-
alveolar emphysema
-
secondary atelectasis
Questão 40
Questão
Which of the following animals would you be more likely to see lobar pneumonia?
Responda
-
cattle
-
sheep
-
horses
-
dogs
Questão 41
Questão
Interstitial pneumonia often involves "cuffing" or proliferation of what type of cell around airways?
Responda
-
lymphocytes
-
neutrophils
-
macrophages
-
eosinophils
-
mast cells
Questão 42
Questão
Paraquat is a pneumotoxin and cause what type of pneumonia in small animals?
Responda
-
interstitial
-
suppurative
-
fibrinous
-
embolic
-
granulomatous
Questão 43
Questão
What type of pneumonia is often secondary to endocarditis?
Responda
-
Embolic
-
Granulomatous
-
Fibrinous
-
Interstitial
-
Suppurative
Questão 44
Questão
Tuberculosis can cause what type of pneumonia?
Responda
-
granulomatous
-
embolic
-
interstitial
-
fibrinous
-
suppurative
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