Choose the incorrect statement about Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).
Responda
It is an abrupt decrease in kidney function that occurs over a period of 7 days or less
It is stimated to occur in approximately 50% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU)
It can predispose you to CKD
CKD patients cannot get AKI
Questão 2
Questão
Choose the incorrect statement about chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Responda
It is abnormalities in kidney structure or function that persist for >90 days
It presents a high economic burden
At least as many deaths are attributable to kidney disease as to cancer, diabetes or respiratory diseases
Risk factors for AKI and CKD, such as advanced age, diabetes and hypertension, often overlap.
AKI and CKD are discrete and separate conditions.
Questão 3
Questão
NZ has higher rates of sepsis, post infectious glomerulonephritis and HUS causing AKI compared with other countries in the developed world.
Responda
True
False
Questão 4
Questão
Reduced renal blood flow ([blank_start]ischemia[blank_end]) initiates AKI. It can be as a result of infection ([blank_start]sepsis[blank_end]), medications, disease, or trauma. The medication combination likely to cause AKI is the ‘triple whammy’; concurrent use of an [blank_start]ACE[blank_end] inhibitor or an ARB, with a [blank_start]diuretic and an NSAID[blank_end].
AKI is largely [blank_start]asymptomatic[blank_end] and late diagnosis of injury is common.
Responda
ischemia
sepsis
diuretic and an NSAID
ACE
asymptomatic
Questão 5
Questão
Pathogenesis of AKI:
1. Disruptions of the glycocalyx and [blank_start]endothelial[blank_end] monolayer in renal tubule
2. Upregulation of [blank_start]adhesion[blank_end] molecules
3. Enhanced [blank_start]leukocyte-endothelium[blank_end] interactions
4. Formation of [blank_start]microthrombi[blank_end]
5. Inflammation causing [blank_start]fluid[blank_end] overload, [blank_start]electrolyte[blank_end] imbalances
Responda
endothelial
adhesion
leukocyte-endothelium
microthrombi
fluid
electrolyte
Questão 6
Questão
CKD Pathogenesis"
1. Nephrons atrophy with time
2. Worsened by genetic & environmental factors – [blank_start]hypertrophy[blank_end]
3. Fewer nephrons cause an increase in [blank_start]nephron[blank_end] size, [blank_start]podocytes[blank_end] can’t cope & detach – loss of barrier function and impaired filtration - [blank_start]proteinuria[blank_end]
4. Inflammation, which leads to fibrosis & [blank_start]scar[blank_end] formation
5. Leads to [blank_start]ischaemia[blank_end]
Responda
hypertrophy
nephron
podocytes
proteinuria
scar
ischaemia
Questão 7
Questão
Which of these is not a systemic effect of CKD?
Responda
Fluid & electrolyte imbalances
Anaemia
Mineral bone disorder – bone pain, fractures, deformities
Metabolic acidosis – muscle wasting, bone demineralisation