Chem Final Main concepts

Select the correct description for O2 and O3. These two substances are:

What key physical property was determined in Thomson's cathode ray experiment?

If an electron moves closer to a nucleus, which of the following is true regarding the electron energy and its chemical reactivity:

According to the Bohr model for a 1-electron atomic species ( where Z = atomic number, and n = principal quantum number) , the energy of the electron in the nth orbit is proportional to:

Compared to the photon that would be emitted as a result of the n = 2 --> n = 1 electron transition in the hydrogen atom, would the photon emitted in the 2-->1 transition of the Li^2+ ion be of lower or higher energy?

Select the one process involving particle interactions that would result in a decreases in energy?

In diagrams of p orbitals, what is the significance of the difference colors or shadings given to the two lobes?

Which two quantum numbers are predictive of the energy of an electron in an orbital

Which electron quantum number (QN) gives rises to the magnetic properties of atoms?

Identify the main cause of the deceases in size as one moves across the row from left-to-right in the Periodic Table for relative atom sizes.

The following statements pertaining to electronegativity are all true except for one. Identify the one false statement.

In general, how do non-metals compare to metals with regard to electronegativity and ionization energy? Non-metallic elements:

According to Valence Bond Theory, hybrid orbitals can be occupied by electrons that are found in:

All statements are true except for one. Identify the false statement.

Graphite and diamond are two well-known allotropes of carbon. What is the hybridization of the carbon atom ins in each of these solids?

The chemical composition of zeolites and clays is composed primarily of which three elements?

For a specific substance, which one of the following process would result in the largest release of energy per mole?

In the band theory for solid materials, Fermi level is the term that denotes the electron energy level corresponding to:

Which of the following conditions is always true for an extensive reaction? (CAUTION: carefully consider all choices before selecting an answer because certain conditions may be true for some reactions but not for all reactions.)

How does a catalyst affect the energetics of a reaction to increase the rate at which the reaction occurs?

When a reaction attains equilibrium, identify the condition that must be satisfied. K s the equilibrium constant , and v is the reaction rate.

If a chemical system consists of gas phrase molecules, which modes of motional freedom are available for dissipating heat transferred to the system from the surroundings?

Which of the following properties is not a thermodynamic state function?

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, a reaction that occurs spontaneously will result in:

Of the following five factors, indicate all that can affect the rate of a reaction? Temperature, concentration of reactants, orientation of reactants at collision, activation energy, catalyst

Hydrocarbons, for example, octane(C8H18), are insoluble in water, a phenomenon that is referred to as the hydrophobic effect. Thermodynamically, the standard free energy change for the reaction C8H18(l) <-> C8H18(aq) is extremely unfavorable (∆G° >> 0). Why does such a large increase in Gibbs free energy result when an octane molecule enters an aqueous phase?

Consider the three conceptual steps that we discussed for dissolving a molecular solid into a liquid solvent: (I) breaking intermolecular interactions that hold the solute molecules together in the solid (II) creating solvent cavities by breaking intermolecular interactions in the solvent (III) solute particles entering into the solvent cavities Which of these processes are endothermic?

Identify the role of a reducatant ( reducing agent ) and the kind of valence orbital that gives rise to strong reductants?