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General IBS Quiz

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Quiz por . ., atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por . . quase 10 anos atrás
70
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0

Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
What is the enzyme that catalyses the reversible reaction that converts Glucose-6-Phosphate to Fructose-6-Phosphate?
Responda
  • Phosphofructokinase
  • Phosphoglucose isomerase
  • Aldolase
  • Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Questão 2

Questão
What is the function of exonuclease?
Responda
  • Removal of RNA primers
  • Removal of DNA primers
  • Stitching together of Okazaki fragments
  • Joining adjacent nucleotides together

Questão 3

Questão
What direction does the coding strand run in?
Responda
  • 5' to 3'
  • 3' to 5'

Questão 4

Questão
What direction does the template strand run in?
Responda
  • 3' to 5'
  • 5' to 3'

Questão 5

Questão
What is the function of Gyrase?
Responda
  • Prevent DNA supercoiling
  • Add DNA sequence repeats to the 3' end of DNA strands at the end of chromosomes
  • Unwind the DNA strand
  • Remove RNA primers

Questão 6

Questão
RNA contains the bases Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 7

Questão
snRNA forms part of a complex with proteins (snRNPs) which aid in the formation of the spliceosome that is involved in pre-mRNA splicing.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 8

Questão
What post-transcriptional modifications are added to mRNA?
Responda
  • 5' methyl-guanosine cap
  • 3' poly A tail
  • 5' methyl-adenosine tail
  • 3' mono A tail

Questão 9

Questão
What codon signals the start of translation of a protein?
Responda
  • AUG
  • ATG
  • TAC
  • UAA

Questão 10

Questão
Why is the triplet code known as degenerate?
Responda
  • More than one codon codes for one amino acid
  • Codons can become mutated
  • Codons are read three bases at a time

Questão 11

Questão
Where does DNA replication, transcription and splicing occur?
Responda
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Extracellular Matrix

Questão 12

Questão
An open reading frame is a section of RNA with a small number of codons that results in a truncated, non-functional protein.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 13

Questão
What is the enzyme responsible for charging tRNA with amino acids?
Responda
  • Amino-acyl tRNA synthetase
  • Peptidyl Transferase
  • Signal Peptidase
  • Phosphotransferase

Questão 14

Questão
Most mutations are only detrimental to a protein if they occur in the exons; the coding regions of DNA.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 15

Questão
Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules, what does this mean?
Responda
  • They possess two properties in a single structure
  • They can form bilayer sheets
  • They are highly hydrophobic molecules
  • They can form micelle structures

Questão 16

Questão
Phase transition occurs at a lower temperature in plasma membranes that have shorter, more unsaturated fatty acid tails.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 17

Questão
Where does phospholipid synthesis occur?
Responda
  • Outer cytosolic leaflet of the endoplasmic reticulum
  • Outer cytosolic leaflet of the golgi apparatus
  • Inner cytosolic leaflet of the golgi apparatus
  • Inner cytosolic leaflet of the endoplasmic reticulum

Questão 18

Questão
What is the function of scramblase in the formation of new plasma membrane?
Responda
  • Catalysing the 'flip-flop' mechanism that distributes phospholipids between the outer cytosolic and inner cytosolic portions of the plasma membrane
  • Catalysing the fusion of the newly synthesised portion of the plasma membrane to the existing plasma membrane
  • Catalysing vesicle release from the endoplasmic reticulum after the newly synthesised portion of the plasma membrane is produced

Questão 19

Questão
What are the three subtypes of phospholipid?
Responda
  • Phosphotidylcholine
  • Phosphotidylethanolamine
  • Phosphotidylserine
  • Phosphotidylvaline
  • Phosphotidylethylamine
  • Phosphotidyladenosine

Questão 20

Questão
The function of the enzyme Flippase is to aid fusion of the newly synthesised plasma membrane with the current plasma membrane.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 21

Questão
Glycosylation is the process by which a triglyceride side chain is added to a protein, such as when glycoproteins are made in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 22

Questão
Transmembrane proteins contain which of the following components that enable them to become embedded in membranes?
Responda
  • Signal sequence
  • Stop-transfer sequence
  • Embed sequence
  • Translocate sequence

Questão 23

Questão
Recognition of the stop-transfer sequence in a transmembrane protein causes what to happen?
Responda
  • The transmembrane protein to travel across the membrane
  • The transmembrane protein to become embedded in the membrane
  • The transmembrane protein to be removed by enzymatic digestion

Questão 24

Questão
Steroid and Thyroid hormones can travel across the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane due to what property?
Responda
  • Lipophilic
  • Hydrophilic

Questão 25

Questão
Lipophilic hormones such as Testosterone (steroid hormone) can only exhibit its function if :
Responda
  • A special transporter protein that enables testosterone transport across the membrane is present
  • The receptor that testosterone binds to in order to act as a transcriptional factor is not faulty
  • The enzyme that catalyses testosterone transport is not denatured

Questão 26

Questão
Due to adrenaline's lipophobic nature, how can it cause intracellular effects?
Responda
  • It acts on a receptor on the external cell surface, causing the alpha sub-unit of the heterotrimeric complex to activate and go on to activate adenylyl cyclase. This enzyme produces cAMP that participates in further cascade reactions in order to produce adrenalines required effect - glucose release.
  • A special accomodating channel protein (AACT) allows adrenaline and other catecholamines to be transported across lipophilic membranes and produce their effects intracellularly, without altering osmolarity.

Questão 27

Questão
Wnt is another lipophobic hormone. It activates the destruction complex which destroys beta-catenin and then allows activation of transcriptional factors to promote transcription.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 28

Questão
How many layers does pseudostratified epithelium contain?
Responda
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

Questão 29

Questão
What is the appearance of stratified columnar epithelium?
Responda
  • One layer thick
  • Multiple layers thick
  • Equally wide and long, cuboidal in shape
  • Long, thin, column arrangement in shape

Questão 30

Questão
What is the barrier and fence function?
Responda
  • The prevention of paracellular movement of molecules due to tight junctions between cells
  • The prevent of diffusion of molecules across the plasma membrane, without a facilitating channel protein
  • The way in which lateral surface modules (such as desmosomes) anchor adjacent cells together

Questão 31

Questão
Adherens junctions contain actin filaments.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 32

Questão
Desomosomes contain tubulin microtubules.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 33

Questão
Collagen formation occurs in what order?
Responda
  • Protocollagen -> Tropocollagen -> Collagen fibre assembly
  • Tropocollagen -> Protocollagen -> Collagen fibre assembly
  • Collagen fibre assembly -> Tropocollagen -> Protocollagen
  • Collagen fibre assembly -> Protocollagen -> Tropocollagen

Questão 34

Questão
Intermediate filaments are cell specific.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 35

Questão
What are the layers of the epidermis in descending order?
Responda
  • Stratum Corneum -> Granular layer -> Spinus layer -> Basal layer
  • Granular layer -> Spinus layer -> Basal layer -> Stratum Corneum
  • Spinus layer -> Basal layer -> Granular layer -> Stratum Corneum
  • Granular layer -> Stratum Corneum -> Basal layer -> Spinus layer

Questão 36

Questão
Where is more K5/K14 found?
Responda
  • Apical layer
  • Basal layer

Questão 37

Questão
Where is more K1/K10 found?
Responda
  • Apical layer
  • Basal layer

Questão 38

Questão
Keratin genes are differentially expressed in the different epidermal layers, producing dominant subtypes in different epidermal layers
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 39

Questão
What are the components of a desmosome?
Responda
  • Desmogleins
  • Desmocollins
  • Plakoglobin
  • Plakophilin
  • Plakotrypsin
  • Desmoglobulin
  • Desmochitin

Questão 40

Questão
What is a hemidesmosome?
Responda
  • A basal cell-cell adhesion module that can interact with the ECM of the basement membrane
  • A lateral cell-cell adhesion module that permits electrical communication between cells
  • A lateral cell-cell adhesion module that anchors adjacent cells together

Questão 41

Questão
Pemphigus Foliaceus affects what epidermal layer?
Responda
  • Upper
  • Lower

Questão 42

Questão
Epidermolysis bullosa affects what cell-cell adhesion module?
Responda
  • Desmosomes
  • Hemi-desmosomes
  • Tight junctions
  • Adherens junctions

Questão 43

Questão
What are types of epidermolysis bullosa?
Responda
  • EB Simplex
  • EB Junctional
  • EB Dystrophic
  • EB Vulgaris
  • EB Foliaceus
  • EB Desmosomal

Questão 44

Questão
Why is Tubulin known as "dynamically unstable"?
Responda
  • It is continually assembled and disassembled at its plus end
  • It cannot be stored in cells as it is unstable
  • Tubulin is composed of more than one sub-units

Questão 45

Questão
Actin's structure shows a twisting pattern due to the + and - charges on G-actin during polymerisation
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 46

Questão
Mutations in intermediate filaments are more detrimental to cells than mutations in actin filaments or tubulin microtubules
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 47

Questão
What is meant by actin cycling?
Responda
  • The disassembly of actin filaments, diffusion and subsequent reassembly close to a stimulus site
  • The way actin polymerises into F-actin

Questão 48

Questão
Which of the following protein translocations into organelles are unidirectional?
Responda
  • Nucleus translocation
  • Mitochondria translocation
  • Peroxisomal translocation

Questão 49

Questão
Mutations in peroxisomes are not always fatal because peroxisomes are cell specific.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 50

Questão
Which of the following are ER modifications of proteins?
Responda
  • N-linked glycosylation
  • Completion of translation
  • Folding of proteins
  • Formation of disulphide bonds
  • Modification of N-linked oligosaccharide side chains
  • Oxygen-linked glycosylation
  • Mannose-6-phosphate modification
  • Sorting to final destinations

Questão 51

Questão
Which of the following are Golgi modifications of proteins?
Responda
  • Nitrogen-linked glycosylation
  • Completion of translation
  • Folding of proteins
  • Formation of disulphide bonds
  • Modification of N-linked oligosaccharide side chains
  • Oxygen-linked glycosylation
  • Mannose-6-phosphate modification
  • Sorting to final destinations

Questão 52

Questão
What is direct sorting in the golgi network?
Responda
  • Vesicles travelling straight to the membrane from the golgi apparatus
  • Vesicles travelling from the golgi to the wrong domain and then being retrieved by early endosomes and being sent to the correct domain such as the membrane

Questão 53

Questão
What is indirect sorting in the golgi network?
Responda
  • Vesicles travelling from the golgi to the wrong domain and then being retrieved by early endosomes and being sent to the correct domain such as the membrane
  • Vesicles travelling straight to the membrane from the golgi apparatus

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