1851617
Questão 1
Questão
Serves as a passageway for air to pass to and from the lungs. It filters impurities and humidifies and warms the air inhaled
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Nose
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Lungs
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Mouth
Questão 2
Questão
is a tube-like structure that connects the nasal and oral cavity to the larynx
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Pharynx
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naval cavity
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Lungs
Questão 3
Questão
these structures are important links in the chain of lymph nodes guarding the body from invasion by organisms entering the nose and throat
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tonsils and adenoids
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thyroid gland
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the tongue
Questão 4
Questão
Is a cartilaginous epithelium lined organ that connects the pharynx and the trachea and consists of the epiglottis, glottis, thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage, aryteroid carilages and the vocal cords
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Larynx
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Pharynx
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Epiglottis
Questão 5
Questão
this serves as the passage between the larynx and right and left main stem bronchi
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trachea
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sinus cavity
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Lungs
Questão 6
Questão
the lungs and walls of the thoracic cavity are lined with a serous membrane called
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pleura
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epithelial cells
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fat
Questão 7
Questão
this pleura covers the lungs
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visceral
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parietal
Questão 8
Questão
this pleura lines the thoracic cavity
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parietal
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visceral
Questão 9
Questão
this helps alveoli stay open and reduces surface tension
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surfactant
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mucosa
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serous fluid
Questão 10
Questão
lungs expand from what to what
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above clavicle to diaphragm
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breast to tailbone
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arm to toe
Questão 11
Questão
pulmonary circulation is considered what kind of pressure
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low pressure
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high pressure
Questão 12
Questão
is the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration at the air blood interface
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pulmonary diffusion
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pulmonary perfusion
Questão 13
Questão
this process is when actual blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature the blood is pumped into the lungs by the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery
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pulmonary perfusion
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pulmonary diffusion
Questão 14
Questão
perfusion is influenced by pulmonary artery pressure, gravity and
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alveolar pressure
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shortness of breath
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blood pressure
Questão 15
Questão
is the elasticity and expandability of the lungs and thoracic structures
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compliance
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exhaling
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contraction
Questão 16
Questão
can cause increased airway resistance
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contraction of bronchial smooth muscle such as asthma
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thickening of bronchial mucosa such as in chronic bronchitis
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obstruction of the airway by mucus tumor or foreign body
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loss of lung elasticity such as emphysema
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all of the above
Questão 17
Questão
gas exchange between that atmospheric air and the blood in between the blood and the cells of the body is called
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respiration
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ventilation
Questão 18
Questão
this requires movement of the walls of the thoracic cage and diaphragm during inspiration and expiration
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ventilation
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respiration
Questão 19
Questão
gas exchange with oxygen is by
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diffusion
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breathing
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not breathing
Questão 20
Questão
this type of ventilation and perfusion imbalance happens when ventilation exceeds perfusion such as a pulmonary embolism causing inadequate perfusion
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dead space
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shunt perfusion
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silent unit
Questão 21
Questão
this type of imbalance happens with an inadequate ventilation and not enough oxygen is coming in such as a lung collapse
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shunt perfusion
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dead space
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silent unit
Questão 22
Questão
this in balance is when inadequate ventilation and inadequate perfusion is involved such as a pneumothorax or ARDS
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silent unit
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shunt perfusion
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dead space
Questão 23
Questão
the amount of blood passing by the alveoli is equal to the amount of gas with a normal ratio of 1 to 1 is called
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V/Q ratio
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R/O ratio
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R/v ratio
Questão 24
Questão
these two structures control respiratory and are located in the brain stem
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medulla oblongata and pons
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cerebrum and cerebellum
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pineal gland and foramen ovale
Questão 25
Questão
this is the amount of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood with a normal range of 80-100mmhg
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PaO2
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Sa02
Questão 26
Questão
hemoglobin is able to carry how many oxygen molecules and considered full or saturated
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4
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8
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2
Questão 27
Questão
the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin and measured as a percentage is
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So2
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Pa02
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Spo2
Questão 28
Questão
Sao2 is the oxygen saturation read from
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an arterial blood sample
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pulse oximeter
Questão 29
Questão
Sp02 is oxygen saturation read from
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a finger probe
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arterial blood gas
Questão 30
Questão
normal pH range for blood is
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7.25-7.34
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7.35-7.45
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7.45-7.55
Questão 31
Questão
this indicates adequacy of alveolar ventilation. normal range is 35 to 45
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Co2
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Pao2
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Spo2
Questão 32
Questão
normal range of bicarbonate is
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22-26mEq
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27-31mEq
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35-45 mEq
Questão 33
Questão
these are considered respiratory defense mechanisms
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filtration
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Mucous and cilia
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cough reflex
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bronchoconstriction and alveolar macrophages
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all of the above
Questão 34
Questão
Early CNS symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include
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restlessness
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irritability
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apprehension
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all of the above
Questão 35
Questão
Late CNS signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include
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confusion
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combativeness
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coma
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all the above
Questão 36
Questão
Early respiratory signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include. Select all the apply
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Tachypnea
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Dyspnea on exertion
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Use of accessory muscles
Questão 37
Questão
Late respiratory signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include. Select all that apply
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Dyspnea at rest
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Use of accessory muscles
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Pause between words
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Sleeping comfortably
Questão 38
Questão
early cardiovascular signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include.select all that apply
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tachycardia
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increase blood pressure
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arrhythmias
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cyanosis
Questão 39
Questão
late cardiovascular signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation include. Select all that apply
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hypotension
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cyanosis
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cool and clammy skin
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febrile
Questão 40
Questão
normal oxygen saturation should be 95% to 100%
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- True
- False
Questão 41
Questão
substance that gives up an hydrogen ion in the body
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acid
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Base
Questão 42
Questão
A substance that can accept a hydrogen ion in the body
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acid
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base
Questão 43
Questão
Chemical buffers maintain what ratio of the base hco3 to the acid H2co3 to help keep pH in normal range
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20:1
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20:2
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25:1
Questão 44
Questão
this is caused by hypoventilation for respiratory or for metabolically: diarrhea ,pancreatic fluid loss ,renal failure, DKA, starvation, aspirin overdose, dehydration
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acidosis
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alkalosis
Questão 45
Questão
caused by hyperventilation by respiratory or by metabolic too many tums loss of chloride, or hydrogen chloride, gastric suction, vomiting ,or diuretic therapy
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acidosis
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alkalosis
Questão 46
Questão
if the pH and pco2 are changed in the opposite direction there is a what kind of problem
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respiratory
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metabolic
Questão 47
Questão
if the pH and the bicarbonate are changed in the same direction there is a ___________problem
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Respiratory
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metabolic
Questão 48
Questão
this system compensates for metabolic and balance by elimination of co2
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respiratory
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metabolic
Questão 49
Questão
this system compensates for and balances and co2 alternating hydrogen ions and bicarbonate elimination and can take a few days
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respiratory
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kidneys
Questão 50
Questão
if the pH and pco2 are changed in the same direction the body is compensating for an abnormal
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Ph
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Co2
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